固体氧化物燃料电池阴极材料的研究进展  

Research Progress of Cathode Materials for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

作　　者：常春 李宝莹 纪博伟 门海超 王琦[1] Chang Chun;Li Baoying;Ji Bowei;Men Haichao;Wang Qi(Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources,Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes,National Laboratory of Mineral Materials,School of Materials Science and Technology,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)材料科学与工程学院,矿物材料国家专业实验室,非金属矿物与固废资源材料化利用北京市重点实验室,地质碳储与资源低碳利用教育部工程研究中心,北京100083

出　　处：《稀有金属》2023年第8期1143-1162,共20页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：国家自然科学青年科学基金项目(52204368);中国地质大学(北京)中央高校基本科研业务费项目(590121038);中国地质大学(北京)“大学生创新创业训练计划”项目(S202211415054)资助。

摘　　要：固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)是一种全固态、绿色、经济、无污染、燃料选择性强的发电装置,在效能转化和环境友好能源应用方面拥有巨大的开发前景。研究表明,高温SOFC(800~1000℃)具有慢启动、高成本、高温存在组件之间扩散及老化、性能衰减速率快、密封和连接困难等一系列问题,相比之下中低温SOFC(600~800℃)稳定性好、成本低、启动快速、封接材料选择宽泛。因此,对中低温SOFC技术的开发与研究十分必要。SOFC的阴极的作用是传递电子、扩散氧、催化氧的还原反应及为氧的还原反应提供场所。然而,阴极缓慢的氧还原反应(ORR)动力学、不稳定性和极化损耗成为制约SOFC技术发展的主要挑战。阴极材料与电解质材料的热膨胀系数不匹配以及Cr中毒和CO_(2),SO_(2)中毒等问题也对SOFC中低温化进程产生较大影响。介绍了氧离子传导、氧还原机制等内容,从组成和微观结构的角度出发,综述了近年来钙钛矿、双钙钛矿、类钙钛矿、尖晶石和其他结构类型SOFC阴极材料以及复合阴极材料的研究进展,并展望了未来固体氧化物燃料电池阴极材料进行性能优化和新型阴极材料开发的方向和策略。Nowadays,energy crisis and environmental pollution are two major problems affecting the development of society.Human beings are imperatively looking for efficient and environmentally friendly energy utilization methods.It is urgent to develop clean,environmentally friendly,stable and reliable new energy to meet the country′s major needs in energy structure adjustment,efficient and clean use of fossil fuels and the realization of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.Fuel cells have become the most promising new generation of power generation technology because of their high energy conversion rate,low pollution emissions and wide fuel sources.There are five mature fuel cell power generation systems classification by electrolyte,including phosphoric acid fuel cell(PAFC),alkaline fuel cell(AFC),molten carbonate fuel cell(MCFC),proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)and solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC).Among them,SOFC is an all-solid,green,economical,pollution-free and fuel-selective power generation device,which has great development prospects in efficiency conversion and environment-friendly energy applications.The studies have shown that SOFC had a series of problems such as slow start,high cost,components diffusion and aging,high decay rate of performance,sealing and connection difficulties working at high-temperature(800~1000℃).In contrast,medium and low temperature SOFC has good stability,low cost,fast start,and wide selection of sealing materials.Therefore,it is necessary to carry out technology to develop and research of medium and low temperature SOFC.SOFC is assembled with cathode,anode,electrolyte and connecting material.The electrolyte ohmic loss and electrode polarization loss will be increased sharply when operating in the medium and at 600~800℃.At present,electrolyte ohmic loss has been effectively solved by electrolyte thin film technology.However,the slow dynamics,instability and polarization loss of oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)in the cathode are the main challenges restricting the developm

关 键 词：固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC) 阴极材料 钙钛矿结构 类钙钛矿结构 尖晶石结构 复合阴极材料 

分 类 号：TM911.4[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动] TB34[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]