湿法回收废旧锂电池正极材料中有价金属的研究进展  

Research Status of Separation and Extraction of Rubidium and Cesium by Organic Adsorbents

作　　者：范培强 童雄[1] 谢贤[1] 宋强[1] 陈柯臻 杜云鹏[1] Fan Peiqiang;Tong Xiong;Xie Xian;Song Qiang;Chen Kezhen;Du Yunpeng(School of Land and Resources Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650031,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院,云南昆明650031

出　　处：《稀有金属》2023年第9期1274-1286,共13页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52174252)资助。

摘　　要：新能源时代背景下,具有优良性能的锂电池被广泛应用于电子设备、新能源汽车等众多领域。在锂电池需求量不断增长的背后,是数量巨大的废旧锂电池,其中含有大量的Co,Ni,Li,Mn等有价金属,是宝贵的二次资源。有效处理和回收废旧锂电池不仅能有效缓解金属资源短缺的压力,还能避免废旧电池对环境的污染。介绍了研究和应用最广泛的湿法浸出工艺,阐述了无机酸浸出、有机酸浸出、碱液浸出和微生物浸出等不同工艺方法处理回收废旧锂电池中有价金属的现状,同时对比分析了不同浸出工艺存在的优劣势。在此基础上,展望了未来湿法浸出工艺研究发展方向,为促进中国锂电池产业的良性发展提供借鉴。The rare metals rubidium and cesium are important strategic resources.Rubidium,cesium and their compounds have good chemical activity and photoelectric characteristics,and are widely used in the paper industry,electronic products,special glass and other fields.Rubidium and cesium resources are mainly distributed in various solid minerals and salt lake brines.The countries with large reserves in the world are Zimbabwe,Namibia,Canada and China,which account for nearly 64%of the world's reserves.Adsorption method has been developed rapidly because it is suitable for enrichment or separation in systems with low Rb and Cs content.It has high selectivity,good adsorption performance,recyclability and other excellent properties.It is one of the most important methods to separate Rb and Cs from salt lake brine and recover and remove~(137)Cs from nuclear waste liquid.In recent years,the separation and extraction technology of rubidium and cesium resources and its application have been deeply studied,and the adsorption method,as the most potential separation and extraction method of rubidium and cesium,has been a research hotspot in this field.In this paper,the separation and extraction of rubidium and cesium by organic adsorption materials were classified into organic resins,crown ethers,polymers,metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)and other organic inorganic composite materials according to the composition of the organic absorbents.The research status of organic adsorption materials in the separation and extraction of rubidium and cesium resources was systematically reviewed,and the advantages and disadvantages of various organic adsorption materials were summarized,the development direction and application prospect of the technology of separation and extraction of rubidium and cesium by organic adsorption materials were prospected.Rubidium and cesium were important rare and precious metals.With the continuous development of science and technology,the demand for rubidium and cesium would continue to increase.Therefore,it was of

关 键 词：废旧锂电池 正极材料 酸浸 回收利用 微生物浸出 

分 类 号：TM912.9[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]