农户环境友好型新型肥料采纳决策、成本收益及作用机制分析  

Analysis of Farmers'Adoption Decision,Cost-benefit and Action Mechanism of Environmentally Friendly New Fertilizers

作　　者：周曙东[1] 王颖[1] ZHOU Shudong;WANG Ying

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学经济管理学院,南京210095

出　　处：《农业技术经济》2023年第9期4-22,共19页Journal of Agrotechnical Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“农产品安全、气候变化与农业生产转型研究”(编号:13&ZD160);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业(花生)产业技术体系—产业经济(编号:CARS-13);江苏省高校优秀学科建设工程项目—农业经济管理(编号:PAPD)。

摘　　要：环境友好型新型肥料是实现化肥减量增效与农业绿色生产的重要手段。本文基于花生主产区528个花生种植户微观调研数据,采用边际处理效应模型考虑了异质性效应,揭示了农户的决策动机,探讨了新型肥料对成本收益的影响及作用机制。研究发现:(1)施用新型肥料增加的成本是影响农户采纳决策的核心要素,农户事前预期收益与实际收益的比较差异、风险偏好、食品安全意识等进一步影响了农户的选择行为;(2)新型肥料减量增效作用显著,减少了化肥施用量,增加了花生单产和收益,但也显著提高了生产成本,改变了要素投入成本,使施肥成本增加一倍以上,同时降低了农药和雇工成本;(3)从作用机制看,新型肥料通过提高单产和收购价格增加了收益,通过“减施效应”减少了施肥成本,但未抵消“价格效应”对施肥成本的推动作用。此外,新型肥料施用的“时间效应”进一步影响了成本收益,短期内经济效益不明显,节本增收效果需要在长期实现,且不同规模农户的成本收益有明显的异质性。基于此,本文认为新型肥料的推广要考虑农户认知和施用后的经济效益,并对此提出了一系列对策建议。Environmentally friendly new fertilizers are an important means to achieve fertilizer application reduction,efficiency increase and agricultural green production.Based on the microscopic survey data of 528 peanut growers in the main peanut production area,a marginal treatment effect model is used to consider heterogeneity effects,reveal farmers'decision-making motives,and explore the impact of new fertilizers on cost-benefit and the mechanism of action.The study finds that:(1)The increased cost of applying new fertilizers is a core element that affects farmers'decision-making.The difference between farmer's pre-expected benefits and actual benefits,risk preference,food safety awareness,etc.further affect farmers'choice behaviors.(2)The new fertilizer has a significant effect on reducing the amount and increasing the efficiency,reducing the amount of chemical fertilizers application,and increasing the yield and benefits of peanuts.However,it has also significantly increased production costs,changed factor input costs,more than doubled the cost of fertilization,and reduced the cost of pesticides and labor.(3)From the perspective of the mechanism of action,new fertilizers have increased benefits by increasing peanut yields and purchase prices,and reduced the cost of fertilization through the“reduction effect”,but did not offset the“price effect”to promote the cost of fertilization.In addition,the“time effect”of the application of new fertilizers further affects the cost and benefit.The economic benefit is not obvious in the short term.The cost-saving and benefits-increasing effect needs to be realized in the long-term,and the cost and benefit of farmers of different scales are obviously heterogeneous.Based on this,this article believes that the promotion of new fertilizers should consider farmers'cognition and economic benefits after application,and puts forward a series of countermeasures and suggestions.

关 键 词：环境友好型新型肥料 采纳决策 成本收益 作用机制 边际处理效应模型 

分 类 号：F326.12[经济管理—产业经济] S14[农业科学—肥料学]