应用高通量测序技术研究永乐环礁和东岛鱼卵种类组成和分布  

Study on species composition and distribution of fish eggs in Yongle Atoll and Dongdao Island by high-throughput sequencing technology

作　　者：赵金发 刘永[1,2] 李纯厚 王腾[1,2] 石娟 肖雅元 吴鹏[1] 宋晓宇 ZHAO Jinfa;LIU Yong;LI Chunhou;WANG Teng;SHI Juan;XIAO Yayuan;WU Peng;SONG Xiaoyu(South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation&Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Observation and Research Station of Pearl River Estuary Ecosystem,Guangdong Province,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment,Guangzhou 510300,China;Scientific Observation and Research Station of Xisha Island Reef Fishery Ecosystem of Hainan Province,Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province,Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute,Sanya 572018,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,农业农村部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,广东珠江口生态系统野外科学观测研究站,广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室,广东广州510300 [2]西沙岛礁渔业生态系统海南省野外科学观测研究站,海南省深远海渔业资源高效利用与加工重点实验室,三亚热带水产研究院,海南三亚572018

出　　处：《热带海洋学报》2023年第6期127-136,共10页Journal of Tropical Oceanography

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金(322CXTD530、322MS153);农业农村部财政专项(NFZX2021);广东省基础与应用基础研究重大项目课题(2019B030302004-05);中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(2023TD16);中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2021SD04、2019TS28)。

摘　　要：珊瑚礁被誉为海洋中的热带雨林,是海洋鱼类重要的产卵场、育幼场和摄食场。永乐环礁和东岛是西沙群岛典型的珊瑚礁生态系统。为更好地管理和保护西沙群岛的渔业及种质资源,本研究于2021年4月采集了西沙群岛永乐环礁和东岛的鱼卵,通过高通量测序技术对其进行分类鉴定,并分析了两区域的鱼卵种类组成和群落结构差异。结果显示,两区域均只采集到鱼卵,共鉴定出27种,隶属于4目16科25属,并均以鲈形目占优势,永乐环礁中占比为95.45%,东岛中占比为85.71%。永乐环礁和东岛的鱼卵种类组成相似性指数差异较大,目、科、属、种的相似性分别是25.00%、37.50%、32.00%、33.33%。鱼卵的出现频率均为100%,永乐环礁鱼卵平均密度为0.984ind.·m^(-3),东岛鱼卵平均密度为0.453ind.·m^(-3)。永乐环礁优势种(Y≥0.02)为圆鲹属未定种(Decapterus sp.)、鲣(Katsuwonus pelamis)和三斑海猪鱼(Halichoeres trimaculatus)3种;东岛为绿唇鹦嘴鱼(Scarus forsteni)、灰鹦嘴鱼(Chlorurus sordidus)和多带副绯鲤(Parupeneus multifasciatus)3种,优势种差异明显。并且,本次调查发现了未记录种双边鱼(Ambassis sp.)。物种丰富度指数(D)呈现永乐环礁(2.46)高于东岛(1.87),而香农–威纳多样性指数(H’)和均匀度指数(J′)则表现为永乐环礁(1.08和0.35)低于东岛(1.32和0.50)。两区域的鱼卵种类组成均以礁栖鱼类占优势,而大洋性中上层鱼类相对丰度则呈现永乐环礁(88.02%)明显高于东岛(0.44%)。研究结果表明,永乐环礁和东岛可能均为海洋鱼类的产卵场,而永乐环礁拥有开放性的潟湖,相比东岛更适宜作为大洋性鱼类(尤其是金枪鱼类)的产卵场,并且高通量测序技术可以弥补传统形态学方法在鱼卵鉴定方面的不足,可以作为渔业资源调查的补充手段,本研究为永乐环礁和东岛渔业和种质资源的保护和管理提供了科学依据。Coral reef,known as the tropical rainforest in the ocean,was an important spawning ground,nursery and feeding ground for marine fish.Yongle atoll and Dongdao Island were typical coral reef ecosystems of the Xisha Islands.In order to better manage and protect the fishery and germplasm resources of the Xisha Islands,this study collected fish eggs from the Yongle atoll and the Dongdao Island in April 2021.High-throughput sequencing technology is used to classify and identify them,and the differences in species composition and community structure between the two regions were analyzed.The results showed that only fish eggs were collected in both areas,and a total of 27 species were identified,belonging to 4 orders,16 families and 25 genera.The perciformes was dominant,accounting for 95.45%in the Yongle atoll and 85.71%in the Dongdao Island.The similarity index of roe species composition between the Yongle atoll and the Dongdao Island was significantly different,among which the similarity of order,family,genus and species was 25.00%,37.50%,32.00%and 33.33%,respectively.The occurrence frequency of fish eggs was 100%.The average density of fish eggs was 0.984 ind·m^(-3) in the Yongle atoll and 0.453 ind·m^(-3) in the Dongdao Island.The dominant species(Y≥0.02)were Decapterus sp.,Katsuwonus pelamis and Halichoeres trimaculatus in Yongle atoll and Scarus forsteni,Chlorurus sordidus and Parupeneus multifasciatus in the Dongdao Island,with significant differences in the dominant species.In addition,there was an undocumented species(Ambassis sp.)found in this investigation.The species richness index(D)showed that the Yongle atoll(2.46)was higher than the Dongdao Island(1.87),while Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H′)and evenness index(J′)showed that the Yongle atoll(1.08,0.35)was lower than the Dongdao Island(1.32,0.50).The composition of fish eggs in both regions was dominated by reef-associated fish,and the relative abundance of pelagic-oceanic fish in the Yongle atoll(88.02%)was higher than that in the Dongdao Island

关 键 词：珊瑚礁 潟湖 西沙群岛 产卵场 金枪鱼 

分 类 号：S931.1[农业科学—渔业资源]