漂浮光伏布设水域的蒸发模型研究和实证  

Study and demonstration of evaporation model for construction areas of floating photovoltaic

作　　者：马超[1,2] 张子豪 吴润泽 刘甚臻 刘钊[1,2] 苟海星 MA Chao;ZHANG Zihao;WU Runze;LIU Shenzhen;LIU Zhao;GOU Haixing(State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300350,China;School of Civil Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学水利工程仿真与安全国家重点实验室,天津300350 [2]天津大学建筑工程学院,天津300350

出　　处：《水力发电学报》2023年第11期59-67,共9页Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52079087,52279021)。

摘　　要：作为一种新兴的能源生产模式,漂浮光伏加强了水域的综合利用,有效抑制了水面蒸发,同时缓解了当前的能源危机与土地危机。但漂浮光伏电站布设水域水面蒸发的研究存在实证监测数据不足、光伏板下水面蒸发机理不明、蒸发计算模型精度不高等问题。本研究以安徽省淮南潘集150MW漂浮光伏电站为对象,原位监测获得了2022年3月—2023年1月的自然水域水面蒸发数据序列与2022年6月—11月的光伏组件板下水面蒸发数据序列。提出了漂浮光伏布设水域整体蒸发计算模型,模型采用改进的彭曼模型计算自然水域水面蒸发,同时采取基于能量守恒原理的蒸发数值模型计算光伏组件板下水面蒸发。实证数据验证了所提出模型的合理性,结果表明:光伏组件能有效抑制组件板下水面蒸发;蒸发模型R^(2)均大于0.85,RRMSE均小于0.25,可较准确反映漂浮光伏布设水域的实际蒸发过程。漂浮光伏系统节水量计算结果显示:潘集150 MW漂浮光伏电站覆盖率约45%时,年节水量高达147万m^(3),节水效益显著。As a new energy production mode,floating photovoltaic strengthens a comprehensive utilization of water areas,restrains water surface evaporation effectively,and alleviates the current energy crisis and land crisis.However,certain issues emerge in the research of water surface evaporation in the construction areas of floating photovoltaic stations,such as lack of empirical monitoring data,unclear mechanism of water surface evaporation under photovoltaic panels,low accuracy of evaporation calculation models.In this study,data series were collected through in-situ monitoring at the Panji floating photovoltaic station of 150 MW capacity in Huainan,Anhui,including the surface evaporation from natural waters in Mar.2022-Jan.2023,and the under-panel surface evaporation of the photovoltaic modules in Jun.-Nov.2022.We develop a new whole evaporation model for calculating the construction water area,using an improved Penman model to calculate its surface evaporation from natural waters,and construct an energy-conservation numerical model of under-panel evaporation.And this new model is verified against the in-situ data collected.The results show that the photovoltaic module can reduce under-panel evaporation effectively,and the evaporation model gives R^(2) greater than 0.85 and RRMSE less than 0.25,quite accurately reflecting the real case under the influence of construction.For a water-saving design of this floating system with its 45%coverage of the water area,calculations reveal its annual water saving is as much as 1.47 million m^(3) that would generate a remarkable benefit.

关 键 词：漂浮光伏 彭曼模型 蒸发数值模型 原位监测 组件板下水面蒸发 

分 类 号：TM615[电气工程—电力系统及自动化] TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]