回转窑处理固体废弃物的研究进展  

Research progress of solid waste treatment in rotary kilns

作　　者：王广伟[1] 刘嘉雯 李仁国 徐坤 宁晓钧[1] 王川 WANG Guangwei;LIU Jiawen;LI Renguo;XU Kun;NING Xiaojun;WANG Chuan(School of Metallurgy and Ecological Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing100083,China;Swerim AB,SE-97125 Lulea,Sweden)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学冶金与生态工程学院,北京100083 [2]瑞典国家冶金研究院,吕勒奥97125

出　　处：《中国冶金》2023年第10期1-7,16,共8页China Metallurgy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52074029,52174295);中国宝武低碳冶金创新基金资助项目(BWLCF202112)。

摘　　要：随着工业化进程的推进、居民生活水平的提高,工业固废和城市固废产出量的逐年增长与绿色和谐的生态环境相悖。传统的固废处理方式多为填埋、堆肥和焚烧等,但以上处理方式均存在污染环境、资源回收利用率低等问题。近年来回转窑因其处理量大、操作简单、成本低等特点而被广泛研究。含锌铁粉尘能在回转窑中实现脱锌处置,得到可外售的次氧化锌粉和可返回烧结工序的含铁二次资源。含铬污泥经回转窑热解后,完成有毒Cr6+到无毒Cr3+的转化,并满足国家规定的排放标准。回转窑热解是处置废轮胎的工艺中回收利用限度最大的技术,该方法得到的产物热值高、污染小且便于运输,是国家政策支持的废轮胎二次利用方法。生物质能是唯一可再生的碳源,热解技术能够提高生物质的发热值及能量密度,回转窑作为生物质裂解最常用的装置,为生物质能的利用及排污降碳提供了基础。脱硫石膏的回转窑干燥煅烧一体化工艺设备运作简便,且适用于废弃产线的改造,为闲置回转窑带来经济价值。综上,回转窑处置固体废弃物被认为是一种低碳高效处置固废的方法,将会是绿色经济发展和产业结构转型升级的必经之路。The annual growth of industrial solid waste and urban solid waste output is in opposition to the green ecological environment as industrialization advances and living standards rise of residents.Landfills,composting and incineration are the main traditional methods for treating solid waste,nevertheless,they pollute the environment,have low utilization rates and other additional drawbacks.As a result of its significant processing capacity,straightforward operation and inexpensive price,rotary kilns have received a lot of attention recently.In the rotary kiln,the zinc-bearing iron dust can be dezincified to produce secondary zinc oxide powder that can be sold and iron-bearing resources that can be used again in the sintering process.The conversion of harmful Cr^(3+)to non-toxic Cr^(3+)is finished after the chromium sludge is pyrolyzed by the rotary kiln,and the national emission standards are satisfied.The waste tire recycling technique with the highest capacity is pyrolysis in the rotary kiln,which is the utilization method of waste tires backed by national policies.Besides,its product has high calorific value,little pollution,and is simple to transport.The only sustainable carbon source is biomass,and the calorific value and energy density of biomass can be increased by pyrolysis technology.The rotary kiln,which is the most popular biomass pyrolysis device,serves as the foundation for the use of biomass energy and the decrease of carbon emissions.Gypsum desulfurization using integrated rotary kiln drying and calcination process is simple method that can be used to renovate old rotary kilns.In conclusion,rotary kilns are thought as low-carbon and effective device of solid waste disposing,and they will be essential for green economic growth and the transformation and upgrading of industrial structures.

关 键 词：回转窑 含锌铁粉尘 含铬污泥 废轮胎 热解 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]