黏性介质叠前时间偏移技术在黄土塬地区的应用研究  

Application of deabsorption prestack time migration in Loess Tableland

作　　者：姚宗惠 黄研 张雅雯 王永刚 陈娟 王大兴 李斐 YAO ZongHui;HUANG Yan;ZHANG YaWen;WANG YongGang;CHEN Juan;WANG DaXing;LI Fei(PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company,Shaanxi,Xi'an 710018,China;Exploration and Development Research Institute of PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company,Shaanxi,Xi'an 710018,China;Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Research,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;Innovation Academy for Earth Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中石油长庆油田分公司,西安710018 [2]中石油长庆油田分公司勘探开发研究院,西安710018 [3]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,中国科学院油气资源研究重点实验室,北京100029 [4]中国科学院地球科学研究院,北京100029 [5]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《地球物理学进展》2023年第5期2192-2201,共10页Progress in Geophysics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42074158)资助。

摘　　要：在地震勘探中地层的吸收作用会导致地震波的频带随着其传播过程而逐渐变窄,进而使得地震勘探的分辨率降低.黄土塬地区地表高程起伏大,低速带吸收严重且厚度变化大,这都加剧了黏性吸收导致的幅值衰减的复杂性;同时近地表地形复杂导致的多种干扰使得地震资料信噪比较低,给高频恢复带来困难.黏性介质Q叠前偏移技术可以实现沿地震波的传播路径恢复地层吸收所损失的高频成分,进而提高地震成像的分辨率.通过考察该项技术的不同实现技术路线,基于黄土塬地震资料特点和地质任务需求,我们选择了结合稳相方案的黏性介质Q叠前时间偏移成像技术.该项技术路线实现过程中,其稳相方案用于压制高频补偿噪声,而利用分区域人机交互“所见即所得”的扫描方式确定等效Q值,解决了困扰工业界已久的黏性介质建模难题.实际工业数据的应用成效展示了结合稳相方案的黏性介质Q叠前时间偏移成像技术在提高黄土塬地震资料分辨率方面的良好应用前景.The absorption of the formation causes the frequency band of the seismic wave to gradually narrow as its propagation process,and hence reduces the resolution of the seismic exploration.The heavily absorption in Loess Tableland caused by undulating surface and low-velocity layer increases the complexity of amplitude attenuation.Meanwhile,multiple disturbances from complex surface also reduced the SNR of seismic data and bring difficulty to high-frequency recovery.The method of deabsorption prestack migration can compensate the absorption along the seismic wave propagation path,and improve the resolution of seismic imaging.By examining the different implementation routes,the characteristics of seismic data and geological task requirements,we chose deabsorption prestack time migration with stationary-phase scheme for the seismic imaging in the Loess Plateau.In the scheme,the stationary-phase method is used to suppress the high-frequency noise,and the equivalent Q-value extraction based on the scanning method also solves the great difficult problem of Q-model modeling in industry.The application of the industrial data shows the good application prospect of the scheme in improving the resolution of seismic data in the Loess Tableland.

关 键 词：黏性介质 等效Q值 吸收补偿 叠前时间偏移 黄土塬 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]