中国非季风区与季风区云水资源及降水效率的差异特征  

Differential characteristics of cloud water resources and their precipitation efficiency in non-monsoon and monsoon regions of China

作　　者：张云舒 梁捷宁[1] 郭琪 张镭[1,3] ZHANG Yun-shu;LIANG Jie-ning;GUO Qi;ZHANG Lei(Key Laboratory for Semi-arid Climate Changes of the Ministry of Education,College of Atmospheric Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;School of Geography and Environmental Science,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550000,China;Collaborative Innovation Center for Western Ecological Safety,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学大气科学学院,半干旱气候变化教育部重点实验室,兰州730000 [2]贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院,贵阳550000 [3]兰州大学西部生态安全省部共建协同创新中心,兰州730000

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第5期620-627,共8页Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金国家重大科研仪器研制项目(41627807)。

摘　　要：利用2000-2016年国际卫星云气候学计划月平均云资料与全球降水气候学项目的月降水资料,对比分析中国非季风区和季风区云水资源和降水量的时空分布特征及变化趋势;利用同时期欧洲中期天气预报中心ERA 5水汽输送通量再分析资料分析上述区域水汽输送路径和水汽总量的年际变化特征.结果表明,在空间分布方面,中国空中云水资源含量和降水空间分布基本呈现南多北少的分布特征,高值区常沿高大山脉分布.在年内变化方面,总云量、低云量、云水路径和降水量均具有明显的季节变化特征,除低云量外均在6月出现明显峰值.在年际变化方面,非季风区总云量呈现减少趋势,季风区总云量呈现增加趋势,平均每10 a增加5%,两区域云水路径和降水量均呈现增长的趋势,季风区云水路径和降水量平均增加0.3 g/(m^(2)·a)和0.01 mm/d;非季风区平均增加0.22 g/(m^(2)·a)和0.009 mm/d.低云量呈现减小趋势,非季风区平均每10 a降低0.86%,季风区平均每10 a降低0.46%.近年来经西北和东北地区向内陆输送的水汽通量增加明显,在新疆北部和东北地区出现水汽通量增长的高值区,是中国近年来降水增加的主要原因.The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and trends of cloud water resources and precipitation in non-monsoon and monsoon regions of China were compared and analysed with monthly mean cloud data from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project and monthly precipitation data from the Global Precipitation Climatology Project from 2000-2016,and the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts ERA-5 water vapour transport data during 2000-2016.Transport flux reanalysis data from 2000-2016 were used to analyze the interannual variation characteristics of water vapor transport paths and total column water vapor in the above regions.The results indicated that,in terms of spatial distribution,cloud water content and precipitation in China basically showed the characteristics of a higher average value in Northern and a lower in Southern China,with high value areas often distributed along high mountain ranges.In terms of intra-annual variability,total cloudiness,low cloudiness,cloud-water path and precipitation all manifested obvious seasonal variations,with the exception of low cloudiness,which had a significant peak in June.In terms of interannual variability,the total cloud amount in the non-monsoon region showed a decreasing trend;and that in the monsoon region showed an increasing trend,with an average increase of 5%per decade;precipitation and cloud-water paths in both regions showed an increasing trend,with an average increase of 0.3 g/(m^(2)·a)and 0.01 mm/d in the monsoon region;the average increase in the non-monsoon region was 0.22 g/(m^(2)·a)and 0.009 mm/d,while low cloud levels showed a decreasing trend,with an average decrease of 0.86%per decade in the non-monsoon region and 0.46%in the monsoon region.It was found that there had been a significant increase in water vapour flux to the inland via the Northwest and Northeast in recent years,constituting the main reason for the recent increase in precipitation in China.

关 键 词：云量 云水路径 季风区和非季风区 

分 类 号：P426[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]