基于多光谱遥感生态环境调查的黄河中游矿群地表覆盖及景观格局研究  

Study on surface cover and landscape pattern of mining groups in the middle reaches of the Yellow River based on multispectral remote sensing ecological environment survey

作　　者：李莉 张祺 仇丰 王韶伊 Li Li;Zhang Qi;Qiu Feng;Wang Shaoyi(Ecological Environment Management Center,Shendong Coal Group Co.,Ltd.,Yulin 719315,China;Ecological Environment Engineering Institute,Power China Huadong Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Hangzhou 311122,China;Zhejiang East China Ecological Environment Engineering Research Institute,Hangzhou 311122,China)

机构地区：[1]神东煤炭集团有限责任公司生态环境管理中心,陕西榆林719315 [2]中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司生态环境工程院,浙江杭州311122 [3]浙江华东生态环境工程研究院,浙江杭州311122

出　　处：《能源与环保》2023年第10期69-74,82,共7页CHINA ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

基　　金：浙江省“尖兵”“领雁”研发攻关计划(2023C03133)。

摘　　要：黄河中游拥有中国最大的井工煤矿基地,井下采煤影响地表覆盖及景观格局的规律尚不明确,生态修复工作缺乏理论支撑。利用多光谱遥感数据结合现场调查,研究矿群裸地、草地、林地和人造地表等的空间分布规律,讨论生态修复措施对景观格局的影响。研究发现,该矿群最主要的植被类型是灌木和草本植物互生形成的灌木草地,占总面积的63.1%,乔木林占比11.8%,主要呈带状,沿冲沟、沉陷区、河流分布,在地表形成“绿脉”,香农多样性指数高,是天然的生态廊道;矿区地表水资源利用程度高,主要河流乌兰木伦河渠化程度高,部分河段蓄水形成水库,部分河床裸露,遥感影像呈现人造地表的特征,表明经过防渗处理;2022年5月30日拍摄的卫星影像显示,矿区植被覆盖度均值0.45,乌兰木伦河西岸和东岸南部植被覆盖度主要呈现高—高聚类特征,乌兰木伦河东岸大部分区域呈现低—低聚类特征。研究成果可为井工矿区生态修复和环境保护工作提供理论依据。The middle reaches of the Yellow River have China's largest underground coal mining base,and the laws of underground coal mining affecting surface coverage and landscape patterns are not yet clear,the ecological restoration engineering is lack of theoretical support.In this paper,using multispectral remote sensing data combined with on-site investigations,study the spatial distribution patterns of bare land,grassland,forest land,and artificial land in mineral clusters,and discuss the impact of ecological restoration measures on landscape patterns.Research has found that the main vegetation type of the mining group is the shrub grassland formed by the mutual growth of shrubs and herbaceous plants,accounting for 63.1%of the total area,and the tree forest accounting for 11.8%.It is mainly in a strip shape,distributed along gullies,subsidence areas,and rivers,forming a"green vein"on the surface.The shannon diversity index is high,and it is a natural ecological corridor.The utilization level of surface water resources in the mining area is high,with the main river Ulan Mulun River being highly channelized.Some river sections are filled with water to form reservoirs,while some riverbed is exposed.Remote sensing images show the characteristics of artificial surfaces,indicating that they have undergone anti-seepage treatment.The satellite image taken on May 30,2022 shows that the average vegetation coverage in the mining area is 0.45.The vegetation coverage on the west and south banks of the Ulanmulun River mainly shows high to high clustering characteristics,while most areas on the east bank of the Ulanmulun River show low to low clustering characteristics.The research results can provide theoretical basis for ecological restoration and environmental protection work in mining areas.

关 键 词：矿区生态修复 井工煤矿 遥感 地表覆盖 景观格局 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源] P407.8[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]