采场顶板垮落特征监测分析及其结构弱化卸压实践研究  

Monitoring and analysis of roof caving characteristics and practical research on structural weakening and pressure relief practice

作　　者：温双武 Wen Shuangwu(Ningxia Coal Industry Co.,Ltd.,CHN Energy Group,Yinchuan 750000,China)

机构地区：[1]国家能源集团宁夏煤业有限责任公司,宁夏银川750000

出　　处：《能源与环保》2023年第10期301-305,310,共6页CHINA ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

摘　　要：通过对综采工作面采场液压支架工作阻力的监测和数据采集,以大数据云图间接再现了采场顶板的垮落,分析解释了顶板垮落与采场实际矿压显现特征的关系。结果表明,上下端头三角岩体悬顶面积增大将导致超前煤壁煤岩体应力集中,基本顶呈现“O-X”型断裂规律,所开采煤层均表现出了明显的周期来压,但周期来压步距不大。进一步地,从减少回采两巷悬顶、控制相邻巷道变形和破坏坚硬岩层顶板避免弹性能积聚2个方面,探讨了顶板浅眼小孔爆破预裂、深孔爆破预裂、深孔常规水力预裂、长距离水平定向孔水力预裂措施的应用条件及其现实意义。现场应用结果表明,对于单一采场中边界顶板所采取的预裂等护巷措施,不能实现控制巷道最基本使用功能和有效减少巷道变形的目的,并给出了实施水力预裂的必要条件是具有坚硬完整岩层且能保证一定的压裂压力和压力波动。研究结果为从不同角度认识采场顶板垮落规律、合理选择顶板结构弱化卸压方式提供了方法和思路。Through the monitoring and data acquisition of the working resistance of the hydraulic support in the fully-mechanized mining face,the roof caving in the stope was indirectly reproduced by the big data cloud map,and the relationship between the roof caving and the actual mine pressure manifestation characteristics of the mining area of the stope was analyzed and explained.The results indicate that the increase in the hanging area of the triangular rock mass at the upper and lower ends will lead to stress concentration in the advanced coal wall coal rock mass,and the basic top will exhibit an"O-X"type fracture law.The coal seams mined exhibit obvious cyclic pressure,but the cyclic pressure step distance is not large.Furthermore,the application conditions and practical significance of shallow hole blasting pre-splitting,deep hole blasting pre-splitting,deep hole conventional hydraulic pre-splitting and long-distance horizontal directional hole hydraulic pre-splitting measures were discussed from two aspects:reducing the hanging roof of two roadways,controlling the deformation of adjacent roadways and destroying the roof of hard rock strata to avoid elastic energy accumulation.The field application results show that the measures of roadway protection such as pre-splitting for the boundary roof in a single stope cannot achieve the most basic function of controlling roadway and effectively reduce the deformation of roadway.The necessary conditions for implementing hydraulic pre-splitting were hard and complete rock strata and ensure certain fracturing pressure and pressure fluctuation.The research results provide methods and ideas for understanding the law of roof caving in stope from different angles and reasonably selecting the weakening and pressure relief mode of the roof structure.

关 键 词：综采工作面 矿压显现特征 大数据云图 预裂卸压 

分 类 号：TD327.2[矿业工程—矿井建设]