试论西周册命铭文中的历史叙事  

On the Historical Narrative in the Inscriptions of the A ppointment of Officials on the Bronze Vessels of the Western Zhou Dynasty

作　　者：许兆昌 Xu Zhaochang

机构地区：[1]吉林大学文学院中国史系,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《中原文化研究》2023年第6期84-93,共10页The Central Plains Culture Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“多卷本《西周史》”(17ZDA179)。

摘　　要：西周铜器册命铭文,除记述具体的职事授予和物品赏赐外,还有不少篇章会追述先王以及先臣的功业,追忆周初天下康宁的政治局面,由此构成西周时期在一种特殊的仪式场合下不断再现的历史叙事。西周册命铭文中的历史叙事,经历了由早期向中晚期的阶段性发展。表现在叙事风格上,是由写实主义走向形式主义;表现在主题呈现上,是由散漫模糊走向精准聚焦;表现在叙事布局上,则是由自然原生走向次序规范。西周中晚期,先王受命——先臣用命——天下康宁的三段式叙事结构的最终形成,凸显了册命仪式中服务于特定政治目的的核心叙事的表现力度。西周册命铭文历史叙事在风格、主题、布局等方面所表现出来的阶段性的发展,诸如史事的精简、历史细节的省略、事件主角的转换等,最终凸显了核心叙事的表现力度。西周最高统治者也正是通过这种近乎无意识的话语重复,不断地强化了他们有关权力的合法性、君臣等级秩序等统治思想的建构。The inscriptions of the appointment of officials on the bronze vessels of the Western Zhou Dynasty not only record the specific conferment of official duties and rewards of goods,but also include some chapters that recount the achievements of the previous kings and ministers,recalling the peaceful and wealthy situation of the Western Zhou Dynasty in the early days,thus forming a historical narrative that constantly reappears in a special ceremonial setting during the Western Zhou period.The historical narrative in the inscriptions of the appointment of officials of the Western Zhou Dynasty has undergone a phased development from early to middle and late stages.The narrative style is characterized by a shift from realism to formalism;In terms of theme presentation,it moves from being scattered and vague to being focused and precise;In terms of narrative layout,it moves from natural origin to sequential norms.In the middle and late period of the Western Zhou Dynasty,finally form the three paragraphs narrative structure,which includes the appointment from the God or the Sky of the former king,the appointment from the former king of the former minister,and then the achievement of the peace and wealthy of the world,highlighted the expressive force of the core narrative serving specific political purposes in the ritual of the appointment of official.The phased development of the historical narrative in the style,theme and layout,such as the simplification of historical events,the omission of historical details,and the transformation of event protagonists,ultimately highlights the expressive power of the core narrative.It was through this almost unconscious repetition of words that the highest rulers of the Western Zhou Dynasty continuously strengthened their construction of their ruling ideology regarding the legitimacy of power and the hierarchical order of monarchs.

关 键 词：西周 册命铭文 历史叙事 核心叙事 思想建构 

分 类 号：K224[历史地理—历史学]