不同土质条件下小麦生长期潜水蒸发量影响因素研究  

Study of Factors Affecting Wheat Growth-stage Evapotranspiration under Various Edaphic Conditions

作　　者：徐荣艳 戴丽纳 傅国圣 江鹏[1] 丁钰童 张美娜 王婉婉 王振龙[5] XU Rongyan;DAI Lina;FU Guosheng;JIANG Peng;DING Yutong;ZHANG Meina;WANG Wanwan;WANG Zhenlong(College of Hydrology and Water Resources,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;Bureau of Hydrology,Huaihui Commission(Information Center),Bengbu 233022,China;Taizhou Branch,Jiangsu Hydrology and Water Resources Survey Bureau,Taizhou 225317,China;Hebei Engineering University,Handan 056021,China;Wudaogou Hydrology Experimental Station,Institute of Water Resources Science,Anhui Province(Huaihui Commission,Ministry of Water Resources),Bengbu 233000,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学水文水资源学院,南京210098 [2]淮委水文局(信息中心),安徽蚌埠233022 [3]江苏省水文水资源勘测局泰州分局,江苏泰州225317 [4]河北工程大学,河北邯郸056021 [5]安徽省(水利部淮委)水利科学研究院五道沟水文实验站,安徽蚌埠233000

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2023年第11期19-23,30,共6页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：安徽省2022年度水科学联合基金项目(2208085US07);水利部重大科技项目(SKS-2022066)。

摘　　要：【目的】揭示砂姜黑土与黄潮土条件下的气象因子和潜水埋深对小麦生长期潜水蒸发量的影响。【方法】基于五道沟实验站2010—2022年的逐日观测数据,采用相关分析和回归拟合方法,分析了砂姜黑土与黄潮土2种土质条件下的小麦生长期潜水蒸发量与7个气象因子之间的相关性,提出了潜水蒸发系数与0.2~5.0 m潜水埋深之间的非线性拟合函数。【结果】砂姜黑土潜水蒸发量与气象因子之间的相关程度从大到小依次为:地表温度、平均气温、水面蒸发量、日照时间、降水量、风速;黄潮土潜水蒸发量与气象因子之间的相关程度从大到小依次为:地表温度、日照时间、平均气温、水面蒸发量、降水量、风速。潜水蒸发系数与潜水埋深的非线性拟合结果表明,砂姜黑土小麦返青前呈逆函数关系(R^(2)>0.95),返青后呈对数函数关系(R^(2)>0.85);黄潮土小麦呈对数函数关系(R^(2)>0.75)。【结论】砂姜黑土潜水蒸发量临界埋深(Zm)介于2.0~3.5 m,黄潮土潜水蒸发量的Zm介于4.0~5.1 m。本研究构建的模型满足精度要求,可用于砂姜黑土与黄潮土小麦生长期潜水蒸发量的估算。【Objective】The ascent of groundwater into the vadose zone and its ultimate evaporation into atmosphere is an important hydrological process.This paper investigates the impact of meteorological factors and soil texture on evaporation of shallow groundwater under different depths from winter wheat in a sandy ginger black soil and a yellow tide soil.【Method】The study was based on data measured from 2010 to 2022 from the Wudaogou experimental station.The relationship between groundwater evaporation and seven meteorological factors was analyzed using correlation analysis and function fitting technique.A multiple regression model,along with a nonlinear fitting function,was developed to calculate the change in evaporation of shallow groundwater with its depth ranging from 0.2 to 5.0 m.【Result】①In the sandy ginger black soil,the significance of the impact of meteorological factors on groundwater evaporation was ranked in the order of surface temperature>average air temperature>surface evaporation>duration of sunshine>precipitation>wind speed;in the yellow tide soil,the ranking order was surface temperature>duration of sunshine>average air temperature>surface water evaporation>precipitation>wind speed.②The multiple regression model is accurate for estimating evaporation of shallow groundwater at different depths,with R^(2)>0.75 for the sandy ginger black soil and R^(2)>0.70 for the yellow tide soil.③The relationship between groundwater evaporation and groundwater depth for the sandy ginger black soil followed an inverse function with R^(2)>0.95 before the greening stage and a logarithmic function after the greening stage with R^(2)>0.85.In contrast,in the yellow tide soil,it followed a logarithmic function with R^(2)>0.75.④Depending on the growing season,the critical groundwater depth for evaporation ranged from 2.0 to 3.5 m for the sandy ginger black soil,and from 4.0 to 5.1 m for the yellow tide soil.【Conclusion】Groundwater evaporation depends not only on meteorological factors but also on soil t

关 键 词：潜水蒸发量 气象因子 潜水埋深 小麦 淮北平原 

分 类 号：TV213.9[水利工程—水文学及水资源]