灌水量与灌水方式对夏玉米土壤CO_(2)排放和产量的影响  

The Effects of Irrigation Amount and Method on Soil CO_(2)Emission and Yield of Summer Maize

作　　者：杨乐 曹辉 付媛媛 高阳[1] 刘战东[1] YANG Le;CAO Hui;FU Yuanyuan;GAO Yang;LIU Zhandong(Institute of Filed Irrigation,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinxiang 453002,China;Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100082,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所,河南新乡453002 [2]中国农业科学院研究生院,北京100082

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2023年第11期31-39,73,共10页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-02);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(ASTIP)。

摘　　要：【目的】探寻灌水量和灌水方式对夏玉米农田土壤CO_(2)排放及产量的影响,提出节水稳产减排的灌溉管理措施。【方法】设置常规滴灌(DI)和交替滴灌(ADI)2种灌水方式,灌水量设置为36 mm和27 mm,共4个处理,分别记为36DI、27DI、36ADI、27ADI。采用Li-8100A测定土壤CO_(2)排放通量,研究灌水量和灌水方式对玉米农田土壤CO_(2)排放通量、累积排放量、土壤酶活性和玉米产量的影响,分析土壤CO_(2)排放与土壤充水孔隙度(WFPS)和土壤温度的关系。【结果】与DI处理相比,ADI处理土壤CO_(2)累积排放量显著降低12%~17%。36 mm灌水量处理CO_(2)累积排放量较27 mm灌水量处理增加,但增加幅度受灌水方式影响。土壤CO_(2)排放通量与0~10 cm的WFPS、土壤温度及其交互作用间存在显著相关关系。灌水量与灌水方式通过影响WFPS、土壤温度来改变土壤酶活性,是其影响土壤CO_(2)排放的调控机制之一。灌水量、灌水方式及其交互作用显著影响玉米产量。27ADI处理的产量较36DI处理降低8.7%,但CO_(2)累积排放量减少19%。【结论】27ADI处理在保证玉米产量同时减少了玉米生育期内的土壤CO_(2)累积排放量,是一种节水稳产减排的灌水模式。【Objective】Maize is an important staple crop in central and northern China,and during certain seasons,its cultivation needsirrigation.This paperstudied]s the intertwined effectof irrigation amountand method on soil CO_(2) emissions and the yield of summer maize.【Method】The field experiment compared two irrigation methods:conventional drip irrigation(DI)and alternating drip irrigation(ADI).For each irrigation,there were two irrigation amounts:36 and 27mm.In each treatment,we measured CO_(2) emission using the Li-8100A.We also measured soil enzymatic activity,soil water content and temperature,and grain yield,from which we analyzed the dependence of soil CO_(2) emissionon soil water-filled porosity(WFPS)and soil temperature.【Result】Compared to DI,ADI reduced cumulative soil CO_(2) emissionby 12%to 17%.Increasing irrigation amount from 27mm to 36mm increased cumulative soil CO_(2) emissions,despite the increase depending on irrigation method.A notable correlation was foundbetween soil CO_(2) emission and WFPSandsoil temperatureinthe 0~10cmsoil layer.The impact of soil water and temperature on CO_(2)emission was intertwined.Irrigation amount and method both affected soil enzyme activity via their effect onWFPSand soil temperature,which serveas a regulatory mechanism impacting soil CO_(2) emissions.Irrigationamountand methodalsosignificantly affected maize yield.Compared with DIwith irrigation amount of 36cm,ADI with irrigation amount of 27mm reduced the yield by 8.7%,but it reduced the cumulative CO_(2) emission by 19%.【Conclusion】ADI with 27mm of irrigation was most effective to ensure maize yield while reducing soil CO_(2) emissions.It isa water-saving and emission-reducing irrigation method and can be used as an improved agronomic practice for maize production in the studied region.

关 键 词：夏玉米 交替滴灌 CO_(2)排放 土壤酶活性 产量 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程] S145[农业科学—农业工程]