基质配比与灌溉量协同对西葫芦幼苗生长和耗水的影响  

The Combined Effect of Substrate Composition and Irrigation Amount on Growth andWater Consumption of Zucchini Seedlings

作　　者：王研 温江丽 范凤翠[4] 郭文忠 李银坤[1] 李灵芝[2] 王若莹 秦黎 WANG Yan;WEN Jiangli;FAN Fengcui;GUO Wenzhong;LI Yinkun;LI Lingzhi;WANG Ruoying;QIN Li(Intelligent Equipment Technology Research Center of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China;College of Horticulture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China;Beijing Agricultural Vocational College,Beijing 102442,China;The Institute of Agricultural Information and Economics,Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050000)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院智能装备技术研究中心,北京100097 [2]山西农业大学园艺学院,山西太谷030801 [3]北京农业职业学院,北京102442 [4]河北省农林科学院农业信息与研究所,石家庄050000

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2023年第11期40-48,共9页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1000300);叶菜全程流水线自动生产系统与智能装备开发应用项目(2019BBF02010)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明西葫芦幼苗生长的最佳基质条件和灌溉水平。【方法】以西葫芦‘农园1号’为试验材料,设计4种育苗基质处理(按体积比设置为泥炭∶珍珠岩=3∶1(CK),泥炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=3∶1∶1(T1),泥炭∶蛭石=2∶1(T2)和泥炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩∶椰糠=2∶1∶1∶1(T3)),分别结合3种灌溉水平(设置为补充灌溉蒸腾蒸发量(Evapotranspiration,ET)的100%(I1)、75%(I2)和50%(I3)),研究不同基质配比和灌溉水平协同对幼苗生长、耗水和水分利用的影响。T2处理基质的体积质量为0.22 g/cm^(3)、持水孔隙度为53.29%,T3处理基质的体积质量为0.34 g/cm^(3)、持水孔隙度为56.93%。【结果】T2处理基质的理化性状更能满足西葫芦育苗要求,T2I2处理的西葫芦幼苗茎粗最大,同灌溉量下较其他基质配比显著增加了12.40%~26.98%,在75%ET和50%ET灌溉条件下壮苗指数显著大于100%ET。而T3I3处理水分利用率最大,同灌溉量下较其他基质配比提高11.87%~45.97%。幼苗单株总耗水量随灌溉量的增加而增加,随基质体积质量的增加而减少。【结论】综合考虑幼苗生长和耗水规律,当基质性状满足条件:0.22 g/cm^(3)≤体积质量≤0.34 g/cm^(3),53%<持水孔隙度<56%,采用75%ET灌溉,可提高秧苗质量和水分利用率。【Objective】Selecting a right substrate composition is of paramount importance for facility agriculture.This paper is to determine the optimal nursery substrate composition and irrigation amount for the cultivation of zucchini seedlings.【Method】Using Nongyuan NO.1 zucchini as the model plant,we compared four nursery substrate ratio:peat:perlite(3∶1,CK),peat:vermiculite:perlite(3∶1∶1,T1),peat:vermiculite(2∶1,T2),and peat:vermiculite:perlite:coconut bran(2∶1∶1,T3).The bulk density and porosity of T2 and T3 were 0.22 g/cm³and 53.29%,and 0.34 g/cm³and 56.93%,respectively.For each substrate,there were three irrigation treatments by setting the irrigation amount at 100%(I1),75%(I1),and 50%(I2)of the evaporation capacity(ET).We evaluated the combined effect of substrate and irrigation amount on growth,water consumption and water use efficiency of the seedlings.【Result】Among the three substrates,the physical and chemical properties of T2 were the best for the zucchini seedling.Its combination with irrigation I2 gave the largest stem diameter,which was 12.40%to 26.98%greater compared to other substrates under the same irrigation amount.The vigor of the seedlings under irrigation I2 and I3 was significantly greater than that under I1.The combination of T3+I3 increased water use efficiency by 11.87%to 45.97%,respectively,compared to other two substrates under the same irrigation amount.The total water consumption per seedling increased with the increase in irrigation amount and decreased with the increase in substrate bulk density.【Conclusion】The experimental results show that the optimal substrate and irrigation for the growth of zucchini seedlings is bulk density between 0.22 g/cm³and 0.34 g/cm³and porosity between 53%and 56%.These,combined with the irrigation I2,can enhance seedling quality and improve its water use efficiency.

关 键 词：灌溉量 基质配比 幼苗耗水 生长指标 水分利用率 

分 类 号：S642.6[农业科学—蔬菜学]