种植模式对水稻根系分布与氮素吸收的影响  

Effects of Planting Method on Root Growth and Nitrogen Uptake of Rice

作　　者：何椿禹 刘月月 邵玺文[1] 郭丽颖 滕宇 杜娟[1] 耿艳秋[1] HE Chunyu;LIU Yueyue;SHAO Xiwen;GUO Liying;TENG Yu;DU Juan;GENG Yanqiu(Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学,长春130118

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2023年第11期58-66,82,共10页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：吉林省重点研发项目(20220202018NC)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究种植模式对水稻的根系特性、氮素吸收和产量的影响。【方法】以水稻为供试材料,设置移栽淹灌(TFR)、旱直播淹灌(DDSF)和旱直播干湿交替灌溉(DDSA)3种种植模式,研究不同种植模式下水稻0~20 cm土层根系形态、根系生理、氮素吸收量和产量及其相互关系。【结果】①在主要生育期,直播模式较移栽模式增加了根干物质量、根直径和0~10 cm土层根分布,减少了10~20 cm土层根系分布;DDSA处理增加了旱直播稻的根干物质量、根直径、0~10 cm土层根分布,减少了10~20 cm土层根分布;②在幼穗分化期后,直播模式降低了根系活力等指标;DDSA处理增加旱直播稻的根系活力等指标。③各处理抽穗期和成熟期的总氮素积累量、花后氮素吸收量和产量表现为:TFR处理>DDSA处理>DDSF处理。移栽模式较直播模式有更深的根系分布和相对较高的根系活力,是其氮素积累量多和产量高的主要原因;旱直播干湿交替灌溉模式增加旱直播稻的深层土壤根系分布,提升了根系活力,进而促进了氮素吸收,提高了产量。【结论】综上可知,旱直播干湿交替灌溉有望提高旱直播水稻氮素利用效率及产量。【Objective】Water and nutrient uptake by plants is modulated by their root architecture.This paper investigates the impact of planting method on root distribution of rice and the associated nitrogen uptake and grain yield.【Method】The variety Jiyujing was used as the model plant.The experiment compared three planting methods:transplanting under flooding condition(TFR),direct drill under dry condition followed by flooding cultivation(DDSF),direct drill under dry condition followed by alternate wet and dry cultivation(DDSA).For each treatment,we measured morphological and physiological traits of the roots,nitrogen absorption from the top 0~20 cm soil layer,as well as the ultimate grain yield.【Result】①Compared to TFR,both DDSA and DDSF increased the dried weight of the roots,root diameter and root distribution in the top 0~10 cm soil layer,while reducing roots in the 10~20 cm soil layer,during the primary growth period.②After the young spike differentiation stage,DDSF reduced root activity and other physiological traits,while DDSA enhanced root vitality and other physiological traits.③The significance of the impact of planting method on yield,total nitrogen accumulation,nitrogen absorption after the post-flowering and during the grain-filling and maturity stages was ranked in the order of TFR>DDSA>DDSF.Transplanting increased deep rooting and root activity,resulting in high nitrogen accumulation and grain yield.【Conclusion】The alternate dry-wet irrigation combined with direct drill also increased deep rooting,enhanced root vitality,thereby promoting nitrogen absorption and grain yield.It is a potential cultivation practice to enhance nitrogen utilization and yield of the rice.

关 键 词：水稻 种植模式 根系分布 氮素积累 伤流液组分 产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]