灌区多水源联合利用的模拟-优化耦合模型研究  

Simulation-optimization Model for Multi-water Resource Distribution in Irrigation Districts

作　　者：赵金鹏 高占义[1] 陈皓锐[1] ZHAO Jinpeng;GAO Zhanyi;CHEN Haorui(China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100048

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2023年第11期106-111,共6页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：“科技兴蒙”行动重点专项项目(2022EEDSKJXM004,2021EEDSCXSFQZD010);中国水利水电科学研究院技术创新团队项目(ID0145B022021)。

摘　　要：【目的】构建灌区多水源联合利用的模拟-优化耦合模型,实现灌区多水源的合理配置。【方法】以不同水源的引水比例为决策变量,以用水成本最小、用水效率最高以及在约束范围内地下水位抬升幅度最大为目标,基于半分布式水量平衡模型与Pareto遗传算法构建灌区多水源联合利用的模拟-优化耦合模型,并对东北三江平原水稻灌区典型区域进行典型年与长时间序列的多水源优化配置。【结果】本研究构建的模拟-优化耦合模型得出的典型年内配水方案可以很好地处理目标函数间的复杂关系,得出倾向于不同目标的多水源配置方案;长时间序列多水源优化配置可实现灌区年际间的水资源调控,在控制用水成本与提高用水效率的同时,对地下水位进行长期调控,实现地下水采补动态平衡;通过调整目标函数,模型可以根据地下水位恢复时间的快慢制定出多水源配置方案;与现有配水方案相比,常规灌溉与控制灌溉条件下优化方案的用水效率基本保持不变,但用水成本分别降低4.3%与23.8%,净地下水补给量分别增加0.52×105 m3/hm2和1.73×105 m3/hm2。【结论】在综合考虑用水效率、用水成本的前提下,本研究建立的灌区多水源联合利用的模拟-优化耦合模型可得出有利于灌区地下水可持续发展的多水源配水方案,为灌区多水源配水技术提供理论支持。【Objective】Based on the semi-distributed water balance simulation model and the Pareto genetic algorithm,a coupled simulation-optimization model for multi-water resources distribution was constructed to improve water management in irrigated areas.【Method】The water diversion ratio of different water resources were taken as the decision variables,the coupled model was used to optimize the allocation of multi-water resources in typical years and long time series in the irrigated rice area in Sanjiang Plain,Northeast China.The objectives of the optimization were to minimize water cost,maximize water use efficiency and keep groundwater table within a constrained range.【Result】①Water distribution obtained by the model for typical years can deal with complex relationship between different objective functions,and the multi-water resources distribution schemes for different objectives are obtained;②Multi-water resource optimal distribution in long time series can regulate water resources in irrigated areas between years,control water cost,improve water use efficiency,and control groundwater level to achieve dynamic balance between groundwater usage and recharge.③By adjusting the objective functions,the model worked out the multi-water resources distribution schemes to rise groundwater table.Compared with the existing water distribution scheme,the water use efficiency of the optimal scheme under conventional irrigation and controlled irrigation are basically unchanged,but the water cost are reduced by 4.3%and 23.8%,respectively,and groundwater recharge are increased by 0.52×105 m3/hm2 and 1.73×105 m3/hm2,respectively.【Conclusion】With the comprehensive consideration of water use efficiency and cost,the simulation-optimization model can obtain multi-water resources distribution schemes,which are conducive to the sustainable use of groundwater in irrigated districts,and provide technical support for irrigation districts’multi-water resources distribution.

关 键 词：多水源配水 多目标优化 遗传算法 模拟-优化模型 长时间序列 

分 类 号：F323.21[经济管理—产业经济]