城镇污水处理厂碳排放现状及减污降碳协同增效路径探讨  

Carbon emission analysis of municipal wastewater treatment plants and discussion on synergistic path of pollution and carbon reduction

作　　者：张海亚 李思琦 黎明月 段亮[1] 张洪伟[2] 秦伟 赵立伟 刘鹏 吕云龙 王玉龙 ZHANG Haiya;LI Siqi;LI Mingyue;DUAN Liang;ZHANG Hongwei;QIN Wei;ZHAO Liwei;LIU Peng;LÜYunlong;WANG Yulong(Institute of Water Ecology and Environment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences;School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering,Lanzhou Jiaotong University;SDIC Xinkai Water Environment Investment Co.,Ltd.;Tianjin Capital Environmental Protection Group Co.,Ltd.;Shijiazhuang Sewage Treatment Co.,Ltd.)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院水生态环境研究所 [2]兰州交通大学环境与市政工程学院 [3]国投信开水环境投资有限公司 [4]天津创业环保集团股份有限公司 [5]石家庄污水处理有限公司

出　　处：《环境工程技术学报》2023年第6期2053-2062,共10页Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2022YSKY-61,2022YSKY-14)。

摘　　要：污水处理行业是全球十大温室气体排放行业之一,其碳排放量占全球碳排放总量的2%~3%,且仍呈逐年增长的趋势,因此开展污水处理行业碳减排并实现减污降碳协同增效是实现我国“双碳”目标的必经之路。系统分析了我国污水处理厂碳排放状况,结果表明:生化池产生的CO_(2)是导致直接碳排放的关键,且生化池的好氧区直接碳排放量最大;由电耗和药耗产生的间接碳排放在总碳排放量中占比较大,是污水处理厂碳减排的关键环节;在污泥处理处置过程中,采取厌氧消化+沼气发电方式时温室气体排放量较少。指出了当前我国污水处理行业碳减排面临的问题,主要包括碳排放核算不精准、碳减排技术研发与应用仍处在起步阶段、顶层设计及管理水平薄弱。在此基础上,提出了适用于我国污水处理厂减污降碳协同增效的路径方案,指出污水处理厂碳减排需多处着力,在碳排放量精确核算的基础上,加强污水处理行业节能降耗、减碳、替碳、固碳技术的研发与应用及多维度控碳方案设计,构建以技术创新为行动力、政策支持为推动力的碳减排总体框架,形成污水处理厂碳减排的闭环,助力我国污水处理厂低碳化发展。The wastewater treatment industry is one of the top ten CO_(2) emission industries,the carbon emissions of which account for 2%-3%of the total global carbon emissions,and its carbon emissions show an increasing trend year by year.So,carrying out carbon emission reduction in the wastewater treatment industry and achieving the synergistic effect of pollution reduction and carbon reduction is the necessary path to promote the realization of the"double carbon"goal in China.The carbon emission situation of the wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)of China was systematically analyzed.The result showed that direct CO_(2) emissions produced by the biochemical treatment process occupied a large proportion of that in the whole processing section,and among them,the direct CO_(2) emission in the aerobic area was the largest.Meanwhile,the indirect carbon emissions resulting from power and drug consumption accounted for a large proportion of whole direct and indirect carbon emissions,which was the key link of carbon emission reduction of WWTPs.Additionally,the way of anaerobic digestion+biogas power generation was the recommended low-carbon treatment of sludge.The problems of carbon emission reduction in WWTPs mainly included inaccurate carbon emission accounting,the lack of development and application regarding the low-carbon wastewater treatment technology,and inadequate top-level design and management.Based on this,the possible pathways suitable for the synergistic reduction of pollution and carbon of WWTPs in China were put forward,which needed multiple efforts.These efforts included accounting the carbon emission accurately,strengthening the development and application of energy-saving,carbon reduction,carbon replacement and carbon sequestration technology,and designing a multi-dimensional carbon control scheme.Moreover,an overall framework for carbon reduction driven by technological innovation and policy support should be built,thus forming a closed-loop system for carbon reduction in WWTPs,and assisting the low-carbon dev

关 键 词：“双碳”目标 污水处理厂 碳减排 低碳技术路径 减污降碳 温室气体 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]