国际航空碳减排的路径选择与中国应对  

Path Selection of International Aviation Carbon Emission Reduction and China’s Response

作　　者：李磊 LI Lei(School of Law,Civil Aviation Management Institute of China,Beijing 100102,China)

机构地区：[1]中国民航管理干部学院法学系,北京100102

出　　处：《北京航空航天大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第6期186-193,共8页Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics：Social Sciences edition Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(19CFX045);中国民航管理干部学院青年教师科研启动基金项目(23QN02);民航安全能力建设资金项目(1001011620230175)。

摘　　要：国际航空碳减排是全球气候治理的重要组成部分。国际航空运输具有跨境流动性特点,单纯依靠国别很难实现减排目标,所以,《京都议定书》授权国际民用航空组织(ICAO)在国际航空运输领域建立碳减排机制。经过多年的发展,全球气候治理体系发生了重大变化,《京都议定书》实质上已经失去法律效力,其所确立的“自上而下”的减排模式被《巴黎协定》确定的国家自主贡献模式所取代。但是,在国际航空碳减排问题上,ICAO仍然在推动“自上而下”的减排模式。这种减排模式以集体目标为导向,以决议和国际标准为约束手段,通过技术目标、技术标准推动国际航空降碳减碳,同时建立基于市场的CORSIA机制,以帮助航空器运营人在技术无法实现减排目标时能够通过市场机制进行碳排放增量抵消。中国民用航空业在现有规模基础上仍将保持快速增长,面临着巨大的碳减排压力。因此,要认真落实国家碳达峰、碳中和目标,积极参与全球气候治理,统筹国内法治和涉外法治,应对可能出现的国际争端,加强技术和标准引领,在推动国际航空碳减排工作的同时,实现全行业绿色发展转型。International aviation carbon emission reduction is a crucial component of global climate governance system.The cross-border nature of international air transportation rendered it difficult to achieve emission reduction targets solely through national efforts,so the“Kyoto Protocol”authorized the International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO)to establish a carbon emission reduction mechanism in the field of international air transportation.Over the years,the global climate governance system has undergone great changes.The“Kyoto Protocol”has essentially lost its legal force,and the“top-down”emission reduction model established by it has been replaced by the nationally determined contribution model of the“Paris Agreement”.Despite this,the ICAO still promotes the“top-down”emission reduction model in terms of international aviation carbon emission reduction.This model is guided by collective goals and bound by resolutions and international standards,promoting international aviation carbon emission reduction through technical goals and standards.At the same time,it establishes a market-based CORSIA mechanism to help aircraft operators offset carbon emissions when technology fails to achieve emission reduction goals.China’s aviation industry will continue to grow rapidly on the basis of its current scale and will face tremendous pressure for carbon emission reduction.Therefore,it is necessary to seriously implement the national carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals,actively participate in global climate governance,and coordinate the rule of law in domestic and foreign-related affairs.In addition,it is essential to deal with possible international disputes,strengthen technology and standard guidance,and realize the transformation of green development of the whole industry while promoting international aviation carbon emission reduction.

关 键 词：国际航空碳抵消与减排 国际民用航空组织 全球气候治理 SARPs “双碳”目标 

分 类 号：D993.4[政治法律—国际法学] DF969[政治法律—法学]