2022年夏浙江仙居杨梅高温干旱调查分析  

Investigation and Analysis of High Temperature and Drought of Zhejiang Xianju Bayberry in Summer of 2022

作　　者：朱寿燕 沈伟兴 林健 王洪友 郑文伟 ZHU Shouyan;SHEN Weixing;LIN Jian;WANG Hongyou;ZHENG Wenwei(Meteorological Bureau of Xianju County,Xianju Zhejiang 317300,China;Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Xianju County,Xianju Zhejiang 317300,China;Nusery Orchard of Linhai County,Linhai Zhejiang 315300,China;Hongyou Bayberry Professional Cooperatives of Xianju County,Xianju Zhejiang 317300,China;Xinongle Bayberry Research Institute of Xianju County,Xianju Zhejiang 317300,China)

机构地区：[1]仙居县气象局,浙江仙居317300 [2]仙居县农业农村局,浙江仙居317300 [3]临海市苗圃,浙江临海315300 [4]仙居县宏友杨梅专业合作社,浙江仙居317300 [5]仙居县喜农乐杨梅研究所,浙江仙居317300

出　　处：《果树资源学报》2023年第6期40-44,共5页Journal of Fruit Resources

摘　　要：【目的】2022年6月23日至8月26日出现了历史罕见的高温干旱,给仙居的东魁杨梅造成严重伤害。为此,了解高温热害、干旱对杨梅的影响原因和受害规律,对仙居杨梅的主要产区和典型基地进行了调查分析。【方法】选择杨梅主产区、有代表性典型的基地进行实地调查,针对各乡镇主要种植合作社进行座谈调查,进行统计分析,计算灾情率和灾情指数评价杨梅的受灾情况。【结果】调查表明:2022年东魁杨梅受害率达73%,灾情指数达25.7;以高温热害影响范围广,叠加干旱后影响严重,死亡率达2.7%;另有3.3%树势遭受严重影响,下一年无法形成产量;热害干旱强烈抑制了东魁杨梅的夏梢抽发,在8月底旱情缓解,温湿条件适宜后,促发秋梢,造成大量花芽转化为叶芽,消耗树体养分。【结论】局部小气候影响灾情;抗旱不当,加剧了杨梅灼伤。在调查分析的基础上,提出了适时科学的灾前预防,灾中、灾后防御措施,以期为果农提供借鉴与参考。【Objective】From June 23 to August 26,2022,there was a rare high temperature and drought in history,which caused serious damage to Dongkui bayberry in Xianju.In order to know the influence reasons of high temperature and drought on bayberry,the main producing areas and typical bases of Xianju bayberry were investigated and analyzed.【Methods】The main producing areas and typical bases of Bayberry were selected for field investigation,and the main planting cooperatives in each township were interviewed for statistical analysis,and the disaster rate and disaster index were calculated to evaluate the disaster situation of Bayberry.【Results】The survey showed that the damage rate of Dongkui bayberry in 2022 was 73%,and the disaster index was 25.7.The effect of high temperature heat damage was wide,and the effect was serious after superposition of drought,and the mortality rate was 2.7%.Another 3.3%of the trees were seriously affected and could not have yield in the next year.The heat damage drought strongly inhibited the summer shoots of Dongkui bayberry.At the end of August,the drought was alleviated.After the temperature and humidity conditions were suitable,the autumn shoots were promoted,resulting in a large number of flower buds transforming into leaf buds and consuming tree nutrients.【Conclusion】Local microclimate affects disaster situation;improper drought control aggravated the burn of bayberry.On the basis of investigation and analysis,timely and scientific pre-disaster prevention,disaster and post-disaster countermeasures were put forward in order to provide reference for fruit growers.

关 键 词：杨梅 高温干旱 调查分析 防灾减灾 措施 

分 类 号：S667.6[农业科学—果树学]