农村集体经济组织终止制度的特别性及立法建议  

The Unique and Legislative Framework of Rural Collective Economic Organizations' Dissolution Process

作　　者：高海[1] GAO Hai

机构地区：[1]安徽财经大学法学院,蚌埠233030

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第6期102-113,共12页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“农村集体所有制法律实现机制研究”(22&ZD202)。

摘　　要：终止制度是农村集体经济组织制度构造中的重要组成部分。农村集体经济组织的财产集体公有性与功能综合保障性,决定了农村集体经济组织终止制度保护法益的多样性,导致终止呈现终止方式缩限、终止财产处分限制更多等特别性。基于终止方式的缩限性,不宜将期限届满和低于人数下限约定为自愿解散事由,不宜将被责令关闭或者被撤销规定为强制解散事由;在“破产终止后再重建”与“破产免责却不终止”两种方案中,后者更值得提倡,而且有个人破产制度的例证。基于终止财产处分限制的加强,还需明确限定责任财产的范围、限制破产期间与受理破产前一定期限内的集体资产股份赎回;成员或股东的剩余财产分配权应在破产清算时被禁止,在丧失存续基础解散时授权集体成员民主议定。The proper commencement and conclusion of rural collective economic organizations are critical components of their institutional framework.The collective assets of these organizations,coupled with the comprehensive guarantee of their functions,determine the diverse range of legal interests that are protected by their dissolution process.This diversity leads to unique characteristics,such as limitations on the methods for termination and stricter restrictions on property disposal upon dissolution.Consequently,it is inappropriate to prescribe expirationperiods or lower limits on the number of members as the cause of voluntary dissolution,nor should orders to close or revoke be considered as a cause of compulsory dissolution.In comparison,"post-bankruptcy termination"and"bankruptcy exemption without termination"schemes,the latter holds greater promise.For instance,the personal bankruptcy system serves as an example.Furthermore,to strengthen restrictions on property disposal during the dissolution process,it is essential to clearly define the scope of responsible property and limit the redemption of collective assets during bankruptcy proceedings and within a specific timeframe prior to bankruptcy.Members or shareholders'residual property distribution rights should not be granted during bankruptcy liquidation,and democratic negotiations should be authorized among collective members when the organization dissolves without a valid basis for continued existence.

关 键 词：农村集体经济组织 终止制度 自愿解散 强制解散 破产免责 

分 类 号：D922.4[政治法律—法学]