复杂耦合环境下隧道施工灾害防控技术研究  

Research on Disaster Prevention and Control Technology for Tunnel Construction in Complex Coupled Environment

作　　者：李明 LI Ming(China Railway 16th Bureau Group Road and Bridge Engineering Co.Ltd.,Beijing 101500,China)

机构地区：[1]中铁十六局集团路桥工程有限公司,北京101500

出　　处：《铁道建筑技术》2023年第11期181-186,共6页Railway Construction Technology

基　　金：中铁十六局集团有限公司科技研发计划项目(K2017-32A)。

摘　　要：复杂耦合环境下隧道施工灾害防控技术问题是隧道施工中的重大技术难题。黄瓜山隧道遇到瓦斯、高压气井、采空区及层状岩层等复杂环境,灾害风险因素多,对施工安全构成严重威胁。以该隧道工程为依托,开展复杂耦合环境下隧道施工灾害防控技术研究,获5项专利。实践表明:研发的用于瓦斯异常涌出的监测装置、用于隧道临近高压气井裂隙扩展的监测装置、用于层状岩层隧道断面岩层位移监测装置,实现了隧道内瓦斯涌出异常、临近高压气井段围岩裂隙扩展情况、层状岩层隧道断面变形的实时监测、预警;采用非对称不耦合精细爆破技术,减小爆破扰动对高压气井的影响;提出了基于遥感技术的隧道多点位移同步监测的方法,使得监测流程简单,无需人工记录;优化部分层状围岩的锚杆设计,采用三代新型聚能管光面爆破,并优化爆破参数,改善层状岩层超欠挖情况,降低了成本。The disaster prevention and control technology in tunnel construction under complex coupling environment is a major technical challenge in tunnel construction.The Cucumber Mountain Tunnel encounters complex environments such as gas,high-pressure gas wells,goafs,and layered rock layers,posing a serious threat to construction safety due to various disaster risk factors.This article is based on this tunnel project and conducts research on tunnel construction disaster prevention and control technology in complex coupled environments,obtaining 5 patents.Practice has shown that a monitoring device for abnormal gas emission,a monitoring device for the expansion of cracks near high-pressure gas wells in tunnels,and a monitoring device for the displacement of rock layers in layered rock tunnel sections have been developed,achieving real-time monitoring and warning of abnormal gas emission in tunnels,the expansion of surrounding rock cracks near high-pressure gas wells,and the deformation of layered rock tunnel sections;asymmetric decoupling fine blasting technology is adopted to reduce the impact of blasting disturbance on high-pressure gas wells;a method for synchronous monitoring of multi-point displacement in tunnels based on remote sensing technology has been proposed,which simplifies the monitoring process and eliminates the need for manual recording;the design of anchor bolts is optimized for some layered surrounding rocks,third-generation new shaped energy tube smooth blasting is adopted,and blasting parameters are optimized to improve the situation of over excavation and underexcavation in layered rock layers and reduce the costs.

关 键 词：复杂耦合环境 隧道施工 灾害防控 瓦斯 高压气井 采空区 层状岩层 

分 类 号：U455.4[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]