诺齐克对财产权的证成路径探析  

Nozick's Analysis on the Justification of Property Rights

作　　者：王涛 许峰 Wang Tao;Xu Feng(School of Marxism,HengXing University,Qingdao 266041;Qingdao Intermediate People's Court,Qingdao 266075)

机构地区：[1]青岛恒星科技学院马克思主义学院,青岛266041 [2]青岛市中级人民法院,青岛266075

出　　处：《西部学刊》2023年第21期48-51,共4页Journal of Western

摘　　要：诺齐克认为,分配问题并非国家把某物按某种原则分发给个人,而是个人根据某种原则有权利拥有某物,因此为了表明与其他正义理论的区分,他用“持有”代替“分配”,提出了自己的“持有正义”理论。诺齐克对财产权的证成路径从“持有正义”的关键概念“财产权”出发,以个体的“自我所有”为基点,以被降低的洛克条件——“不使他人的状况变坏”为基本原则,推导出财产权作为自然权利的正当性,具体包括占取、转让和矫正三个方面的正义原则。诺齐克的持有正义原则是一种否定意义上的边际约束,即任何人对某物的持有只要不损害他人的权利就是正义的,这是非模式化且历史性的,最弱意义的国家也建立在此原则之上,他以此批评功利主义和福利国家。Nozick believes that the problem of distribution is not that the state distributes something to individuals according to a cer-tain principle,but that individuals have the right to own something according to a certain principle.Therefore,in order to distinguish it from other theories of justice,Nozick replaces"distribution"with"entitlement"and puts forward his own entitlement theory of justice.Nozick's path of justification of property rights starts from the key concept"property rights"in entitlement theory of justice,based on the individual"self--ownership"and the reduced Lockean Proviso-not to make others'situation worse,deduces the legitimnacy of property rights as natural rights,including the justice principle of three aspects:occupation,transference and correction.Nozick's principle of jus-tice is a marginal constraint in a negative sense,that is,anyone holding something is just as long as it does not harm the rights of others.This is non-patterned and historical,and the state of the weakest sense is also built on this principle,on which he criticizes utilitarianism and the welfare state.

关 键 词：分配 持有 财产权 自我所有 正义 

分 类 号：B151[哲学宗教—世界哲学]