差别原则下处境较差者的问题及出路  

The Dilemma and Solution of the Poor Under the Principle of Difference

作　　者：周乐铨 孙兆寅 Zhou Lequan;Sun Zhaoyin(School of Manxism,Suzhou University of Science and Technology,Suzhou 215009)

机构地区：[1]苏州科技大学马克思主义学院,苏州215009

出　　处：《西部学刊》2023年第21期67-70,82,共5页Journal of Western

摘　　要：在《正义论》中,罗尔斯阐述了他对社会、正义独到的理解,并关注到了社会中存在难以避免的不平等现象。罗尔斯主要通过机会平等原则与差别原则来尝试解决这种不平等,其中差别原则要求在追求公平的前提下对最不利者做出一定的补偿。但差别原则较少关注各类人处境的比较问题,在最不利者摆脱最不利的处境之后,难以进一步地发展。处境较差者的后续发展问题,引发了科恩对差别原则的质疑与批判。建立更加互惠的公平,要求最有利者在互惠理念中其行为最利他,这能为处境较差者改善境况提供持久的出路和动力。In A Theory of Justice,Rawls expounds his unique understanding of society and justice and pays attention to the inevitable inequality in society.Rawls tries to solve this inequality mainly through the equal opportunity principle and the difference principle,in which the difference principle requires that some compensation be made to the most disadvantaged under the premise of pursuing faimess.However,the difference principle pays less attention to the comparison of the situations of various types of people,and it is difficult to de-velop further after the most disadvantaged are no longer the most disadvantaged.The follow-up development of the less advantaged has caused Cohen to question and criticize the diference principle.Establishing more reciprocal fairness requires the most advantaged to act the most altruistically in the reciprocity concept so that the less advantaged can further develop.

关 键 词：罗尔斯正义论 差别原则 处境较差者 互惠 

分 类 号：D091[政治法律—政治学]