福建布袋和尚像图像分析及信仰传播  

An Image Analysis of the Monk Budai in Fujian Province and the Spread of Belief

作　　者：傅宝玲 Fu Baoling(Quanzhou Maritime Museum,Quanzhou 362000)

机构地区：[1]福建省泉州海外交通史博物馆,泉州362000

出　　处：《西部学刊》2023年第22期40-43,共4页Journal of Western

摘　　要：布袋和尚被认为是未来佛弥勒的化身,世人将其当作弥勒佛来崇拜,故又有“布袋弥勒”“弥勒佛”的称呼。福建多处文物点或保护单位均收藏有布袋和尚像,既有坐姿也有站姿,以非标准的游戏坐姿为主。其耳硕垂肩的面相、背光和佛珠等图像元素为传统佛像所具备,草履表现了布袋和尚有预知天气的神通,僧衣则表现其逍遥自在、随遇而安、欢乐快活的典型特点,而笑面大肚、须发、童子、铜钱、供养人等元素及蕴含的意义,体现了布袋和尚像的世俗化和中国化。布袋和尚信仰在浙东地区兴起后,很快传播到各地,包括临近的福建。福建布袋和尚信仰可以从布袋和尚传说、禅宗经典、造像及偈联中窥看。Monk Budai is considered to be the incarnation of Maitreya Buddha,so is given nicknames like"Budai Maitreya"and"Maitreya Buddha".Many cultural relics or protected units in Fujian have collected statues of Monk Budai,gestures of which are mostly informal,some in stting,others in standing.His big ears,drooping shoulders,backlight,Buddhist beads,etc.are the same as those of traditional Buddhist statues.The straw sandals show that Budai has the supematural power of predicting the weather,and the monk's clothes show his typical characteristics of being free,easy,and happy-go-lucky.The elements such as smiling face,big belly,beard,boy,copper coin,sponsor,etc.and the meanings reflect the secularization and sinicization of Monk Buddha.The worship of Monk Budai spread to various places,including Fujian Province,after it emerged in Zhejiang Province.Through the legends,Zen classics,statues and couplets,we can understand the belief of Monk Budai.

关 键 词：福建布袋和尚像 图像内涵 信仰与传播 

分 类 号：J209[艺术—美术] K879.4[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]