集体社会工作:基于中国贫困治理实践的方法创新  

Collective Social Work: Method Innovation Based on Poverty Control Practice in China

作　　者：李文祥[1] LI Wenxiang

机构地区：[1]吉林大学哲学社会学院,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《济南大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第6期102-110,177,共10页Journal of University of Jinan:Social Science Edition

摘　　要：当前,社会工作领域个案、小组及社区工作这三种现有方法无法实现对贫困群体生计治理的有效介入。而将服务对象组织成一个“集体”,使服务对象共担风险与利益,进而再付诸各种专业方法的“集体社会工作方法”,能够使服务对象在“集体”的帮扶下,在真实的风险压力和利益激励下参与生计运营,从而有效改变传统的思想观念与行为习惯,摆脱贫困状态。我国民国时期社会学的乡村建设学派在其乡村建设实践中开展的农民合作社建设与农民学校建设,就是集体社会工作方法的早期探索,当前社会工作介入农民合作社建设的实践也表明了集体社会工作方法的有效性。同时,集体社会工作方法不仅适切于贫困群体的生计治理领域,它以将服务对象建构成“有组织的整体”为基本特征,更能够面向一般性服务对象开展介入服务。Currently,the three established methods in the field of social work,namely case study,group work,and community work,are inadequate for effectively addressing the livelihood governance needs of impoverished groups.The"collective social work method"presents a viable alternative,by organizing clients into collectives that facilitate risk and benefit sharing,while simultaneously leveraging various professional approaches to enable clients to participate in livelihood operations.This method effectively challenges traditional attitudes and behaviors,providing a means to escape poverty through real risk pressure and interest incentives.The rural sociology movement in Republican-era China was a pioneer in exploring the use of the collective social work method,using farmers'cooperatives and schools to engage in rural construction practices.Modern social work practices continue to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach in intervening in the construction of farmers'cooperatives.It is worth noting that the collective social work method is not only suitable for addressing the needs of impoverished groups but can also be utilized by the wider range of clients.

关 键 词：集体 社会工作 贫困群体 生计治理 

分 类 号：C916[经济管理]