殷墟王裕口村商代贞人墓述论——兼论甲骨卜辞的断代标准  

Review on Diviner Burials in Wangyukou Locus South,Yinxu Site of the Shang Dynasty——Discussion on the Dating Standard of Oracle Bone Inscriptions

作　　者：卢中阳[1] LU Zhong-yang(School of History and Civilization,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710119,Shaanxi)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学历史文化学院,陕西西安710119

出　　处：《陕西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第5期60-69,共10页Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项重大项目“中华文明起源与先秦君主政体演进研究”(LSYZD21007)。

摘　　要：殷墟王裕口村商代贞人墓的发现与身份认定,对于检验现行甲骨断代标准具有重要的学术价值。殷墟王裕口村M103、M94两座商墓分属殷墟文化二期、三期,且同出“■”字。从青铜铭文与随葬器具来看,两墓墓主均属于贞人身份。■作为贞人异期异穴,合理的解释便是它代表族名。商代以族为贞人,说明卜辞中的贞人不是某人之私名,而是可以对应一族之内的若干人。将殷墟王裕口村商墓贞人视为服务于商王朝的龟卜世家,符合墓葬内涵的阐释及商代的历史特征。贞人以族为单位服务于商王朝,对甲骨学界立足贞人为私名基础上的断代标准提出新挑战,有利于推进甲骨卜辞断代的科学发展。The discovery and identification of the Diviner burials in Wangyukou Locus South,Yinxu Site of the Shang Dynasty,have important academic value for testing the current dating standards of oracle bone inscriptions.The Burial M103 and Burial M94 there belonged to the second and third phases of Yinxu Archaeological culture,and both had the same character“■”.From the bronze inscriptions and burial goods,it can be seen that the status of two tomb owners were Diviners.■as a symbol of Diviners has been found during different periods and different burials,which indicates that it represented the clan name.In the Shang Dynasty,the clan named as Diviner demonstrates that it was not an individual person but many in the same clan in oracle inscriptions.This view that diviners there belonged to the same clan who could tell the fortune and served the king of the Shang accords with the explanation of the content in the burials and the historical features in the Shang Dynasty.Diviners from the same clan serving for the king of Shang is a fresh understanding to challenge the previous dating standard based on diviner as an individual name and thus to promote the scientific development of dating standards of oracle bone inscriptions.

关 键 词：殷墟 贞人墓 贞人 族名 卜辞断代 

分 类 号：K223[历史地理—历史学]