身份政治与自由主义危机——从西方政治思潮变迁的视角分析  

Identity Politics and Liberal Crisis---Analysis from the Perspective of Changes in Western Political Thoughts

作　　者：张飞岸 Zhang Feian

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学马克思主义学院、北京高校思想政治理论课高精尖创新中心,北京市100872

出　　处：《政治学研究》2023年第5期143-153,M0006,共12页CASS Journal of Political Science

基　　金：北京高校思想政治理论课高精尖创新中心一般项目“美国意识形态课程设置及其对中国思想政治理论课程的借鉴意义”(19GJJC008)的研究成果。

摘　　要：作为西方左翼后现代转向的时代产物,身份政治以激进左翼的新社会运动开场,以中左翼政党在经济全球化时代的体制化、表演化为内核,最终却引发了右翼民粹主义复兴和自由主义基础的溃败。自由主义中立政治的理想依托于劳资力量对比的平衡,身份自由主义作为新自由主义的共谋者将政治关注焦点从经济议题转向文化议题,它和美国20世纪80年代以来的新自由主义互为表里,导致了西方政治思潮整体性右倾,创造了资本自由扩张的宽松环境,改变了劳资力量对比,破坏了以中产阶级为基础的社会结构。政治极化使当今西方世界处于新自由主义共识瓦解的边缘。身份政治是新自由主义时代主导的政治冲突形态,从西方政治思潮变迁和自由主义的兴衰演变的视角系统分析身份政治的来龙去脉,有助于我们理解西方政治走向。As the product of the postmodern turn of the western left wing,identity politics began with the New social movements of the radical left wing,with the institutionalization and performance of the central left⁃wing parties in the era of globalization as the core,which ultimately led to the revival of Right⁃wing populism and the collapse of the foundation of liberalism.The ideal of neutral consensus politics in liberalism relies on a balance between labor and capital forces.As a conspirator of neoliberalism,identity liberalism shifted its political focus from economic issues to cultural issues.It interacted with the neoliberalism since the Reagan administration,leading to a holistic right deviation in Western political thought,creating a relaxed environment for free expansion of capital,and changing the balance of labor and capital forces,Destroyed the social structure based on the middle class.Political polarization has put the western world on the verge of the collapse of the consensus of“neo liberalism”.Identity politics is a dominant form of political conflict in the era of neoliberalism.A systematic analysis of the origin and development of identity politics from the perspective of changes in Western political thoughts and the rise and fall of liberalism can help us understand the direction of Western politics.

关 键 词：身份政治 自由主义危机 西方政治思潮 后现代转向 

分 类 号：D091[政治法律—政治学]