中国重点城市大气污染与健康风险的时空分布特征  

Spatiotemporal Distribution Characteristics of Air Pollution and Health Risks in Key Cities of China

作　　者：涂佩玥 杨欢 陈兰洲 牛笑笑 杨璐 易嘉慧 柯碧钦 田雅 叶志祥 梅新[2] 洪松 何超 TU Pei-yue;YANG Huan;CHEN Lan-zhou;NIU Xiao-xiao;YANG Lu;YI Jia-hui;KE Bi-qin;TIAN Ya;YE Zhi-xiang;MEI Xin;HONG Song;HE Chao(Key Laboraory of Gegraphic Information System,Ministry of Education,Schl of Rsources and Environmental Sciences,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430079,China;Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science Hubei University,Wuhan 430062 China;College of Resources and Environment,Yangtze University,Wuhan 430100,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学资源与环境科学学院,地理信息系统教育部重点实验室,武汉430079 [2]湖北大学资源环境学院,武汉430062 [3]长江大学资源与环境学院,武汉430100

出　　处：《环境科学》2023年第11期5954-5963,共10页Environmental Science

基　　金：2021年湖北省重点研发计划项目(2021BCA129)。

摘　　要：基于中国168个大气污染防治重点城市2015~2020年的5种污染物浓度监测数据,利用MAKESENS模型和综合风险指数(ARI),定量分析全国与6大城市群的大气污染总健康风险的时空分布特征.结果表明:(1)中国重点城市PM_(2.5)污染最严重,仅15%的城市PM_(2.5)浓度6 a均值达到了国家二级标准,NO_(2)次之,77%的城市NO_(2)浓度6 a均值达到了国家二级标准,京津冀和汾渭平原城市群空气污染最严重,PM_(2.5)、SO_(2)、CO和NO_(2)浓度6 a均值高于其他城市群;(2)中国重点城市PM_(2.5)、SO_(2)、CO和NO_(2)浓度呈下降趋势,除成渝城市群外,其余地区O_(3)浓度呈上升趋势;京津冀和汾渭平原城市群SO_(2)浓度下降最显著;(3)中国重点城市大气污染健康风险总体呈下降趋势,2017~2018年出现急剧下降,暴露在极高风险下的人口从1.6亿人下降至3254万人;长江中游城市群健康风险下降最显著;全国重点城市春季和冬季面临着更高的健康风险.(4)京津冀和汾渭平原城市群健康风险最高,长江中游城市群健康风险最低;O_(3)逐渐取代PM_(2.5)成为影响总健康风险的主要污染物.研究结果可为评估“十三五”期间我国城市大气污染控制成效提供参考.Based on the monitoring data of five pollutants in 168 key cities under air pollution prevention and control in China from 2015 to 2020,using the MAKESENS model and the aggregate risk index(ARI),this study quantitatively analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of air pollution and health risks in China and the six urban agglomerations.The results showed that:(1)PM_(2.5)pollution was the most serious pollution in Chinese key cities.Only 15%of the cities'six-year average concentrations of PM_(2.5)reached the National Secondary Standard,followed by that of NO_(2);77%of the cities'six-year average concentrations of NO_(2)reached the National Secondary Standard.The urban agglomerations of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Fenwei plain had the most serious air pollution,and the six-year average concentrations of PM_(2.5),SO_(2),CO,and NO_(2)were higher than those of other urban agglomerations.(2)The concentrations of PM_(2.5),SO_(2),CO,and NO_(2)in key cities of China showed a decreasing trend,whereas the concentration of O_3 in other urban agglomerations showed an increasing trend,except in the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration.The concentration of SO_(2)in the urban agglomerations of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Fenwei plain changed the most significantly.(3)The health risk of air pollution in the key cities of China generally showed a decreasing trend,with a sharp decline from 2017 to 2018,and the population exposed to extremely high risks dropped from 160 million to 32.54 million.The urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River had the most significant decline in health risks,whereas the key cities in China faced higher health risks in spring and winter seasons.(4)The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Fenwei plain urban agglomerations had the highest health risks,and the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River had the lowest;O_3 gradually replaced PM_(2.5)as the main pollutant affecting the health risk.These results can provide a reference for evaluating the effectiv

关 键 词：大气污染 健康风险 时空分布 综合风险指数(ARI) 中国 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4