保护性耕作对玉米田土壤中除草剂残留的影响  

Effects of Conservation Tillage on Herbicide Residues in Maize Field Soil

作　　者：刘沅 汪祖丞 刘美华 张天宇[1,2] 王健 LIU Yuan;WANG Zu-cheng;LIU Mei-hua;ZHANG Tian-yu;WANG Jian(Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains,Ministry of Education,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 30024 China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Eology and Vegetation Restoration,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024,China;Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130102,China)

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学长白山地理过程与生态安全教育部重点实验室,长春130024 [2]东北师范大学国家环境保护湿地生态与植被恢复重点实验室,长春130024 [3]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,长春130102

出　　处：《环境科学》2023年第11期6257-6266,共10页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41771497,42171076)。

摘　　要：保护性耕作能够显著提高土壤有机质,改善土壤质量,但是关于保护性耕作如何影响农药等污染物在土壤中残留的研究却较为匮乏,而土壤污染又与粮食安全息息相关.因此,选择7个实验地点,针对传统耕作与保护性耕作两种耕作方式下土壤中3种除草剂(乙草胺、阿特拉津和二甲四氯钠)残留特征进行了分析.结果表明,保护性耕作显著影响土壤的总有机碳含量、土壤含水率和土壤团聚体平均粒径等性质[使(2.1±0.1)%、(19.1±1.2)%和(82.2±3.0)μm分别增加至(2.9±0.3)%、(22.3±1.5)%和(97.2±4.2)μm].研究进一步发现,保护性耕作对不同除草剂在土壤中残留的影响存在差异性.例如,保护性耕作通过影响土壤总有机碳含量显著增加东丰试验田土壤中阿特拉津的含量[使(3.8±0.3)ng·g^(-1)增加至(17.7±3.0)ng·g^(-1)],通过影响土壤团聚体平均粒径显著降低德惠试验田土壤中乙草胺的含量[使(50.6±10.3)ng·g^(-1)降低至(9.2±2.5)ng·g^(-1)].然而,由于不同土壤性质对土壤中除草剂迁移和降解的复杂作用,保护性耕作对除草剂的影响仍存在较大的不确定性.It is well known that conservation tillage can improve soil quality,such as soil organic matters.However,limited information on the conservation tillage impacts on pesticides has been reported,which is important to food security.To explore the specific effects of conservation tillage on herbicide residues in soils,parallel soil samples from seven sites under traditional tillage and conservation tillage were collected,respectively,in Jilin Province,Northeast China.The soil properties and characteristics of three herbicides(acetochlor,atrazine,and MCPA-Na)were measured.The results showed that conservation tillage significantly increased total organic carbon(TOC)content,soil water content,and the average particle size of soil aggregates[(2.1±0.1)%,(19.1±1.2)%,and(82.2±3.0)μm increased to(2.9±0.3)%,(22.3±1.5)%,and(97.2±4.2)μm,respectively].The results also showed that different herbicides were correlated with different soil properties.For example,TOC content and soil water content were positively correlated with atrazine,whereas micro-aggregate content was negatively correlated with acetochlor.Therefore,the effects of conservation tillage on the three herbicide residues were different.For instance,conservation tillage significantly increased the residual amount of atrazine[from(3.8±0.3)ng·g^(-1)to(17.7±3.0)ng·g^(-1)]in the Dongfeng site by increasing TOC content,whereas it significantly reduced the residual amount of acetochlor[from(50.6±10.3)ng·g^(-1)to(9.2±2.5)ng·g^(-1)]in the Dehui site by increasing the average particle size of soil aggregates.Generally,this study suggests conservation tillage indeed affected herbicide residues in soils by affecting soil properties.However,the influence of conservation tillage on herbicide residue was dependent on the types of herbicides due to the complex effects of different soil properties on herbicide migration and degradation.

关 键 词：保护性耕作 除草剂 玉米田 土壤 残留特征 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]