藏区官方文书用纸特性及其演变——以清代、民国时期德格县官方文书为例  

Characteristics and Development of the Paper of the Official Documents in Tibetan Areas:Taking the Official Documents of Dege County in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China as An Example

作　　者：于晨 宋欣 练晓东 YU Chen;SONG Xin;LIAN Xiaodong(School of Information Resource Management,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;Department of Chemistry,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学信息资源管理学院,北京100872 [2]中国人民大学理学院化学系,北京100872

出　　处：《档案学通讯》2023年第6期105-112,共8页Archives Science Bulletin

基　　金：2019年教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“布达拉宫古籍文献(贝叶经)抢救性保护研究”(19JZD040)。

摘　　要：近代以来随着藏区与内地的互动交流增多,受内地造纸原料、造纸工艺的影响,藏区官方文书用纸发生了转变,其老化速度也在保存中呈现不同的趋势。为探究藏区官方文书用纸特性及其演变规律,以一件清代文书和三件民国文书为藏区官方文书研究对象,借助显微观察、红外分析、扫描电镜及能谱仪等无损或微损分析检测手段,从宏观形貌观察和微观组成成分展开测试分析,发现如下规律:一是部分官方文书在长期保存过程中易出现酸化、变形、断裂等问题,其中狼毒草纸稳定性优于竹纸。二是造纸原料发生改变。清代光绪以来官方文书用纸为竹纸,大抵由四川等地生产并由川进藏,说明内地与西藏交往密切;在民国文书中应用狼毒草纸,说明狼毒草纸工艺成熟,已在社会范围内得到应用。三是造纸工艺吸收了内地工艺。民国时期竹纸蒸煮工艺发生了改变,并使用碳酸钙作为填料,通过漂白等工艺来改善竹纸性能,进而为选择修复用纸,完善近代藏族地区造纸材料、工艺演变及其与内地互动关系提供科学依据。Since modern times,with the increasing interaction between Tibetan areas and inland areas,influenced by inland papermaking raw materials and papermaking technology,the paper of official documents in Tibetan areas has changed,and the aging speed of paper also shows different trends in preservation.In order to explore the characteristics and development of the paper of official documents in Tibetan areas,one document of the Qing Dynasty and three documents of the Republic of China were selected as the research objects.With the help of microscopic observation,infrared spectrometer,scanning electron microscope,energy dispersive spectrometer,and other non-destructive or micro-damage analysis methods,the macro-morphology observation and micro-composition analysis were carried out,and the following rules were drawn:First,some official documents are prone to acidification,deformation,fracture,and other problems during long-term preservation.Besides the stability of stellera chamaejasme is better than that of bamboo paper.Second,the raw materials of papermaking have changed.Since the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty,the raw material of official documents has been bamboo paper,which is mostly produced in Sichuan and other places and imported into Tibet by Sichuan,which shows that the mainland has close contact with Tibet.The application of stellera chamaejasme paper in the documents of the Republic of China shows that the papermaking technology of stellera chamaejasme paper is mature and has been applied in the society.Third,the production technology absorbed mainland technology.During the Republic of China,bamboo paper cooking technology changed,and calcium carbonate was used as fillers to improve the properties of bamboo paper through bleaching and other processes.The paper provides a scientific basis for selecting repair paper,enriching the paper-making materials,technological development in modern Tibetan areas,and its interaction with the mainland.

关 键 词：官方文书 清代 民国 造纸工艺 

分 类 号：G273.3[文化科学—档案学]