水语的指示词及其句法语义  

Demonstratives in Sui and Their Syntax-Semantics

作　　者：杨小燕 YANG Xiaoyan

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学中国少数民族语言文学学院,北京100081

出　　处：《民族语文》2023年第4期50-62,共13页Minority Languages of China

基　　金：国家社科基金重大招标项目“中国民族语言形态句法类型学研究(18ZDA298)”阶段性成果。

摘　　要：水语的指示系统分为近指naːi^(6)“这”、远指(定指)tsa^(5)“那”、远指(虚指)?ui^(5)“那”、更远指?ui^(5)tsa^(5)“那”及最远指?ui^(5)?ui^(4)tsa^(5)五个层级。水语指示词具有直指功能,在句中只能作限定语,不能直接充当句子的核心论元。在部分语境中,指示词的直指功能消失、距离语义消失,语法化为判断语气词、关联标记和限定标记。The demonstrative system of the Sui language consists of five levels,which are the proximal demonstrative naːi^(6)‘this’,the(definite)distal demonstrative tsa^(5)‘that’,the(indefinite)distal demonstrative?ui^(5)‘that’,the distal demonstrative?ui^(5)tsa^(5) for what is farther away,and the distal demonstrative?ui^(5)?ui^(4)tsa^(5) for what is the farthest in distance.The demonstratives of Sui have the deictic function,and can only act as determiners,while never serve as core arguments in sentences.In some contexts,with the loss of the deictic function and the bleaching of the distance specification,the demonstrative is grammaticalized into a modal particle expressing judgment,a conjoining marker,or a determiner marker.

关 键 词：水语 指示词 句法语义 语法化 

分 类 号：H269[语言文字—少数民族语言]