藏语拉萨话声调与喉塞韵尾感知研究  

A Study on the Perception of Tones and Final Glottal Stop in Lhasa Tibetan

作　　者：杨洁[1] 李永宏[2] 胡阿旭[2] 孔江平[1] YANG Jie;LI Yonghong;HU Axu;KONG Jiangping

机构地区：[1]北京大学语言学实验室/中国语言文学系,北京100871 [2]西北民族大学中国民族语言文字信息技术教育部重点实验室,兰州730030

出　　处：《民族语文》2023年第4期101-110,共10页Minority Languages of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“基于语音、嗓音、气流气压信号的藏语音节模型研究(11964034)”的支持。

摘　　要：藏语拉萨话的声调如何划分一直是学界讨论的热点话题,主要分歧在于T53和T51、T23和T232是否应该合并。本文通过感知实验发现,无论基频如何变化,母语者都无法区分声调对立组内的两个声调。因此,对于有声调和喉塞韵尾两项对立的音节而言,声调是羡余性特征,喉塞韵尾是区别性特征。本文认为可以将T51和T53归为一个调位,将T23和T232归为一个调位,藏语拉萨话的声调应该划分为四个调类。通过对藏语拉萨话声调的感知研究可以看出,现代语音学和认知音位学的研究方法不仅可以解决传统结构主义音位学无法确定音位的问题,也可以解决不同调查者调查同一语言时可能出现音位系统差异的问题。The classification of Lhasa Tibetan tones has been a hot topic in the academic discussion,with the main disagreement being whether the two sets of tones,T53 and T51 as well as T23 and T232,are four separate tones or just two distinct tones with allotones.Through perceptual experiments,we find that no matter how the fundamental frequency changes,native speakers cannot distinguish the two members in each tonal sets.Therefore,for morphemes involving both tonal distinction and presence or absence of the final glottal stop,tonal contrast is a redundant feature while the presence or absence of the final glottal stop is the distinctive feature.We propose that T51 and T53 are allotones of one toneme,while T23 and T232 are allotones of another;hence the six tones can be classified into four tonal categories.The perceptual study on Lhasa Tibetan tones shows that the research methods of modern phonetics and cognitive phonemics can not only solve the dilemmas of determining phonemes in traditional structuralist phonemics,but also resolve differences in phonemic systems obtained by different researchers investigating the same language.

关 键 词：藏语拉萨话 声调感知 喉塞韵尾 调类划分 

分 类 号：H214[语言文字—少数民族语言]