锁相放大器的研究进展  

Research progress of lock-in amplifiers

作　　者：郭忠凯 李永刚 于博丞 周世超 孟庆宇 陆鑫鑫 黄一帆 刘贵鹏 陆俊[1] Guo Zhong-Kai;Li Yong-Gang;Yu Bo-Cheng;Zhou Shi-Chao;Meng Qing-Yu;Lu Xin-Xin;Huang Yi-Fan;Liu Gui-Peng;Lu Jun(Commune of Scientific Engineers,Institute of Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;Beijing Institute of Space Mechanics and Electricity,Beijing 100094,China;School of Physical Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;Daheng New Epoch Technology,Inc.,Beijing 100085,China;School of Electronic Science and Engineering,Southeast University,Nanjing 210096,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院物理研究所,工程师之家,北京100190 [2]北京空间机电研究所,北京100094 [3]兰州大学物理科学与技术学院,兰州730000 [4]大恒新纪元科技股份有限公司,北京100085 [5]东南大学电子科学与工程学院,南京210096

出　　处：《物理学报》2023年第22期37-55,共19页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(批准号:2021YFF0701000)资助的课题。

摘　　要：锁相放大器可同时在时间与幅度两个维度实现高精度信号测量,是精密系统测控的关键部件.本文以锁相放大器的概念、技术与应用的概貌作为导引,先以模拟、数字以及虚拟锁相放大器的主要关系与区分方法说明锁相放大器的发展演变,继而按照锁相环的阶与型从数学角度对锁相放大器进行分类.随后介绍锁相放大器的幅度、频率与相位噪声等主要性能的测试流程与计量标定进展,讨论相位噪声、时域抖动、阿伦方差等关键指标之间的换算关系以及和幅度噪声之间的耦合关联.最后,列举锁相放大器在光谱增强、阻抗分析、磁性测量、显微成像、空间探测领域的应用形式与效果,通过一些新型应用展望它通过智能计算、精准物联等途径从科学仪器走向工业甚至民品的前景.The lock-in amplifier can perform high-precision measurement in both time and amplitude dimensions,so that it becomes a key component of instrumental system for precision measurement and control.This article overviews the concept,technology,and application of phase-locked amplifiers as a guide.It first explains the development and evolution of phase-locked amplifiers of analog,digital,and virtual phase-locked amplifiers,demonstrating their relationship and differences.Then,it classifies phase-locked amplifiers from a mathematical perspective based on the order and type of phase-locked loops.Subsequently,the testing process and metrological calibration progress of the main performance of phase-locked amplifiers,such as amplitude,frequency,and phase noise,are introduced.The conversion relationship between key indicators such as phase noise,time-domain jitter,Allan variance,and the coupling relationship with amplitude noise are discussed.Finally,the application forms and effects of phase-locked amplifiers in the fields of spectral enhancement,impedance analysis,magnetic measurement,microscopic imaging,and space exploration are listed.Through some new applications,the prospects of their transition from scientific instruments to industrial and even civilian products through intelligent computing,precise IoT,and other means are briefly given.

关 键 词：锁相放大器 锁相环 计量标定 信噪比 精密测量 

分 类 号：TN722[电子电信—电路与系统]