西方国家近代史上的育婴农场及其异常行为  

Baby Farming and its Abnormal Behaviors in the Modern History of Western Countries

作　　者：鲁运庚[1] LU Yun-geng(School of History and Culture,Linyi University,Linyi 276000,China)

机构地区：[1]临沂大学历史文化学院,山东临沂276000

出　　处：《临沂大学学报》2023年第6期59-71,184,共14页Journal of Linyi University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(19BSS037)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：西方国家近代史上的育婴农场主要出现在维多利亚时期的英国、法国、俄罗斯、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚等国家。育婴农场是在工业化和城市化进程中因缺乏正规托育机构而在民间兴起的一种托育方式,主要解决职业女性的托育问题,类似今天的日托。大多数育婴农场只是普通工人或农民借此维持生计的一种手段,他们以收费方式提供照看婴儿服务或为婴儿找寻收养家庭。育婴农场中确实存在疏于照顾、虐待甚至贩卖婴儿的行为。这类行为经由媒体的过度渲染,加上高企的婴儿死亡率使之被泛化为处理非婚生婴儿的方式。育婴农场及其存在的异常行为折射出女性就业、托育和国家角色之间的关系问题。The Baby-farmning in modern Western countries mainly appeared in Britain during the Victorian era,and in contemporary France,Russia,the United States,Canada,Australia,and other countries.Baby-farmning is a type of child-care that arose among the people who lack formal child-care institutions in the process of industrialization and urbanization.They mainly solve the childcare problem for professional women,similar to today’s day nurse centers.Most Baby-farming were just a means for ordinary workers or farmers to make a living.After receiving a certain fee,they either provide baby care services or find an adoptive family for the baby.However,there are indeed instances of neglect,abuse,and even trafficking of infants in Baby-farming.The type of behavior is exaggerated through literary works,coupled with the high infant mortality rate,which has been generalized as a way of dealing with babies born out of wedlock.The abnormal behavior of baby farms reflects the relationship between women’s employment,childcare issues,and national roles.

关 键 词：育婴农场 托育机构 异常行为 贩卖儿童 

分 类 号：K14[历史地理—历史学]