中国超深层油气勘探领域研究进展与关键问题  

Research progress and key issues of ultra-deep oil and gas exploration in China

作　　者：何登发[1] 贾承造 赵文智[3] 徐凤银 罗晓容[5] 刘文汇 唐勇[7] 高山林[8] 郑秀娟[9] 李涤[1] 郑娜 HE Dengfa;JIA Chengzao;ZHAO Wenzhi;XU Fengyin;LUO Xiaorong;LIU Wenhui;TANG Yong;GAO Shanlin;ZHENG Xiujuan;LI Di;ZHENG Na(China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;China National Petroleum Corporation,Beijing 100724,China;PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,Beijing 100083,China;China Petroleum Society,Beijing 100120,China;Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;Northwestern University,Xi'an 710069,China;PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company,Karamay 834000,China;China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation,Beijing 100728,China;China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京),北京100083 [2]中国石油天然气集团有限公司,北京100724 [3]中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083 [4]中国石油学会,北京100120 [5]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,北京100029 [6]西北大学,西安710069 [7]中国石油新疆油田公司,新疆克拉玛依834000 [8]中国石油化工股份有限公司,北京100728 [9]中国石油大学(北京),北京102249

出　　处：《石油勘探与开发》2023年第6期1162-1172,共11页Petroleum Exploration and Development

基　　金：国家自然科学基金企业创新发展联合基金“海相深层油气富集机理与关键工程技术基础研究”(U19B6003-01);国家自然科学基金重点项目“上扬子克拉通盆地深层新元古代裂谷体系的结构、成因及其控油气作用”(42330810)。

摘　　要：基于油气勘探发现和地质认识进展,从成盆、成烃、成储及成藏的内在地质过程出发,揭示沉积盆地超深层油气的形成与赋存规律并探讨超深层领域的关键科学问题。中国超深层主要经历中新元古代和早古生代2个伸展-聚敛旋回,构造-沉积分异产生空间上相邻的源-储组合;发育丘滩体型、岩溶缝洞型、断溶型、白云岩型和断裂带型等多种类型规模性碳酸盐岩储集体、超压型碎屑岩和基岩裂缝性储集体;油气多期复合成藏,晚期调整定位;油气分布受高能滩带、区域不整合面、古隆起与大型断裂带等的控制;赋存多种成因的天然气和轻质油。超深层油气资源占剩余总资源量的33%,为中国油气勘探的重要接替领域;超深层的大型成藏地质单元与规模富集区带将是持续取得油气大发现的重点方向,勘探前景广阔。超深层油气地质条件和富集区带预测为油气地质学研究的关键科学问题。Based on the recent oil and gas discoveries and geological understandings on the ultra-deep strata of sedimentary basins,the formation and occurrence of hydrocarbons in the ultra-deep strata were investigated with respect to the processes of basin formation,hydrocarbon generation,reservoir formation and hydrocarbon accumulation,and key issues in ultra-deep oil and gas exploration were discussed.The ultra-deep strata in China underwent two extensional-convergent cycles in the Meso-Neoproterozoic era and the Early Paleozoic Era respectively,with the tectonic-sedimentary differentiation producing the spatially adjacent source-reservoir assemblages.There are diverse large-scale carbonate reservoirs such as mound-beach,dolomite,karst fracture-vug,fractured karst and faulted zone,as well as over-pressured clastic rock and fractured bedrock reservoirs.Hydrocarbons were accumulated in multiple stages,accompanied by adjusting and finalizing in the late stage.The distribution of hydrocarbons is controlled by high-energy beach zone,regional unconformity,paleo-high and large-scale fault zone.The ultra-deep strata endow oil and gas resources as 33%of the remaining total resources,suggesting an important successive domain for hydrocarbon development in China.The large-scale pool-forming geologic units and giant hydrocarbon enrichment zones in ultra-deep strata are key and promising prospects for delivering successive discoveries.The geological conditions and enrichment zone prediction of ultra-deep oil and gas are key issues of petroleum geology.

关 键 词：中国 超深层油气 多旋回叠合盆地 勘探进展 勘探技术 轻质油 天然气 

分 类 号：TE132.1[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]