页岩中固体沥青的识别、演化路径及地质意义——以松辽盆地白垩系青山口组一段为例  

Identification,evolution and geological indications of solid bitumen in shales:A case study of the first member of Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in Songliao Basin,NE China

作　　者：柳波[1] 王柳[1] 付晓飞[1] 霍秋立[2] 白龙辉 吕建才[2] 王博洋 LIU Bo;WANG Liu;FU Xiaofei;HUO Qiuli;BAI Longhui;LYU Jiancai;WANG Boyang(MOE Key Laboratory of Continental Shale Hydrocarbon Accumulation and Efficient Development,Northeast Petroleum University,Daqing 163318,China;Exploration and Development Research Institute of PetroChina Daqing Oilfield Company Limited,Daqing 163712,China)

机构地区：[1]东北石油大学陆相页岩油气成藏及高效开发教育部重点实验室,黑龙江大庆163318 [2]中国石油大庆油田有限责任公司勘探开发研究院,黑龙江大庆163712

出　　处：《石油勘探与开发》2023年第6期1173-1184,共12页Petroleum Exploration and Development

基　　金：国家自然科学基金联合基金重点项目“多场耦合作用下的古龙页岩油富集规律研究”(U22A201550)。

摘　　要：在梳理国内外页岩固体沥青研究现状的基础上,以松辽盆地白垩系青山口组一段富有机质页岩为例,对固体沥青的定义、分类、赋存形式和演化路径进行深入研究,探讨固体沥青对成熟度的指示意义及其对储集空间发育的影响。研究表明:①原生显微组分类型差异是造成固体沥青演化路径不同的主要原因,油前沥青多为原位固体沥青,而油后沥青和焦沥青则多为迁移固体沥青;②在未成熟—生油阶段早期,沥青质体、镜质体、惰质体可通过光学特性观察与固体沥青进行区分,藻类体可通过荧光特征与固体沥青进行区分;③扫描电镜下可有效识别原位和迁移固体沥青,受脂族结构减少、芳构化增强的影响,固体沥青反射率随着镜质体反射率的增加而呈线性增加;④生油窗内的固体沥青主要发育残留孔、脱气裂缝和气泡孔3种次生孔隙类型,高成熟阶段的焦沥青发育海绵状孔隙;⑤扫描电镜结合激光拉曼光谱等原位分析技术的应用,可以反映不同类型固体沥青的结构信息,用于有机质迁移路径、动力等微尺度研究。The literatures on solid bitumen(SB)in shales are reviewed.Then,taking the organic-rich shales in the first member of the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation(Qing 1 Member)in the Songliao Basin as an example,the definition,classification,occurrence and evolution of SB in shales are investigated,and the indications of SB on maturity and the influence of SB on reservoir space are discussed.The difference in primary maceral types is primarily responsible for the different evolution paths of SB.Pre-oil bitumen is mostly in-situ SB,while post-oil bitumen and pyrobitumen are usually migrated SB.In the immaturity to early oil generation stage,bituminite,vitrinite,and inertinite can be distinguished from SB depending on their optical characteristics under reflected light,and alginite can be differentiated from SB by their fluorescence characteristics.Under scanning electron microscope(SEM),in-situ SB and migrated SB can be identified.The SB reflectance increases linearly with increasing vitrinite reflectance,as a result of a decrease of aliphatic structure and the enhancement of aromatization of SB.Within the oil window,three types of secondary pores may develop in SB,including modified mineral pores,devolatilization cracks and bubble holes.In the high maturity stage,spongy pores may develop in pyrobitumen.SEM combined with in-situ analysis techniques(e.g.Raman spectroscopy)can further reveal the structural information of different types of SB,thus providing crucial data for research at micro-scales such as organic matter migration paths and dynamics.

关 键 词：页岩 固体沥青反射率 原生显微组分差异 固体沥青演化路径 储集空间 松辽盆地 白垩系青山口组 

分 类 号：TE122[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]