综合管廊火灾人员逃生策略研究  

Study on Personnel Escape Strategy from the Utility Tunnel Fire

作　　者：龚哲 王发玲 Gong Zhe;Wang Faing(Wuhan Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430023,China;Wuhan Construction School,Wuhan 430071,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉市政工程设计研究院有限责任公司,湖北武汉430023 [2]武汉市建设学校,湖北武汉430071

出　　处：《市政技术》2023年第11期227-234,共8页Journal of Municipal Technology

基　　金：武汉城建局科技计划(201707,201953)。

摘　　要：由于目前对综合管廊发生火灾时人员逃生路径的选择、逃生口布置方式等研究较少,因此以综合管廊电力舱为研究对象,考虑电力舱不同位置发生火灾的工况,采用火灾动力学软件FDS对电力舱火灾进行了数值模拟,研究了火灾时综合管廊内的温度、有毒气体、能见度演化规律和人员逃生的安全性。研究结果表明:当综合管廊内发生火灾时,温度和能见度是影响人员安全逃生的关键指标;火灾发生后,舱室上方的温度迅速超过安全值,在火灾所在防火分区内从上方逃生的危险性较大。基于上述研究结果,提出综合管廊发生火灾时最优的人员逃生路径是迅速向着背离火源的方向疏散,通过防火门进入相邻的防火分区后,再从相邻防火分区内通过逃生口上至地面安全区域;当覆土厚度足够时,综合管廊逃生口宜设置夹层,且多舱室的综合管廊宜通过夹层、下卧段等位置连接互为逃生通道;综合管廊端部井可设置逃生隔间。Due to limited research on the selection of personnel escape routes and the arrangement of escape exits in the event of a utility tunnel fire,a cable compartment of the utility tunnel was taken as the research object.Consid-ering fires in the different positions of the cable compartment,the electrical fire was simulated by fire dynamics sim-ulator(FDS)software.The evolution law of temperature,toxic gas,visibility and the safety of personnel escape were studied.The research results show that temperature and visibility are the key indicators affecting the safety of escape when the fire occurs in the utility tunnel;The temperature above the fire compartment quickly exceeded the safety value after the fire occurs.In the fire compartment where the fire is located,the danger of escaping from above is high.Based on the above results,the optimal personnel escape path is proposed to quickly evacuate in the direction away from the fire,enter the adjacent fire compartment through the fire door,and then go up to the ground safety area through the escape exit in the adjacent fire compartment;When the overburden thickness is sufficient,the es-cape exit of the utility tunnel should be provided with a conversion interlayer.In the utility tunnel with multiple compartments,the interlayer,the underpass section and other positions should be connected with each other to be an escape passage;Escape compartments can be set at the end wells of the utility tunnel.

关 键 词：综合管廊 火灾 数值模拟 逃生口 逃生策略 

分 类 号：TU990.3[建筑科学—市政工程]