我国捕捞渔业认证体系构建研究——基于MSC渔业认证工具及其在我国的适用性分析  

Construction of China's fishing fisheries certification system:based on the analysis of Marine Stewardship Council fisheries certification tools and their applicability in China

作　　者：王泽昊 苏舒 唐议 WANG Ze-hao;SU Shu;TANG Yi(School of Marine Culture and Law,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Strategic Research Center for Ecological Protection of the Yangtze River,Shanghai 201306,China;Policy and Law Research Institute,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋文化与法律学院,上海201306 [2]长江水域生态保护战略研究中心,上海201306 [3]上海海洋大学政策与法律研究所,上海201306

出　　处：《中国渔业经济》2023年第5期17-28,共12页Chinese Fisheries Economics

基　　金：国家社科基金新时代海洋强国建设重大研究专项(19VHQ015)资助。

摘　　要：海洋管理委员会(MSC)的可持续渔业认证和产销监管链认证配合使用,可促进捕捞业的可持续发展和全产业链监管,这与我国当前渔业管理和产业发展政策需求相一致。本文系统考察海洋管理委员会认证工具,从其标准内容、标准制定程序、认证程序以及工具应用环境等多方面进行分析,认为MSC认证工具能够得到广泛应用在于其全方位、全过程的认证考量,公开透明、多方参与的标准制定程序和认证评估程序以及零售商的响应与消费者的认可。结合我国捕捞生产和管理实情,分析该认证工具在我国推行存在的困境,研究发现我国虽有推行渔业认证的政策支持,但在我国应用MSC认证工具仍存在认证驱动力不足、认证标准与我国渔业实情不匹配以及支撑认证的数据条件不足等困难。建议从以下几方面构建适合我国国情的捕捞渔业认证体系,实施水产品追溯管理:(1)通过政策要求和制度安排促进认证的应用。(2)开发适用于我国渔业管理的认证工具。(3)通过完善渔业监测系统、依托科研院校实施认证,以弥补数据缺陷。The Marine Stewardship Council(MSC)uses the sustainable fisheries certification and chain of custody certification together to promote sustainability and traceability in the fishing industry,which is consistent with China's policy requirements for the management and development of its fisheries.This paper systematically analyzes MSC certification tools,including the content and development process of certification standards,certification procedures,and the application environment of the tools,and proposes that the adoption an all-round and full-process certification system,as well as an open and transparent multi-participatory standard-setting process and certification process,coupled with the high level of acceptance of the certification by retailers and consumers,is the key to the widespread use of the tools around the world.Based on the actual situation of fishing production and management in China,this paper analyzes the difficulties existing in the implementation of the certification tools in China,and believes that although China has the policy support for the implementation of fishery certification,there are still difficulties in the application of MSC certification tools in China,such as insufficient certification driving force,mismatch between certification standards and China's fishery reality,and insufficient data conditions to support certification.It is recommended to establish a fishing fishery certification system suitable for China's conditions and implement aquatic product traceability management from the following aspects.Firstly,promote the application of certification through policy requirements and institutional arrangements.Secondly,develop certification tools suitable for fishery management in China.The last point is to make up for data deficiencies by improving the fishery monitoring system and relying on scientific research institutions to implement certification.

关 键 词：海洋管理委员会 可持续渔业 追溯管理 

分 类 号：F326.403[经济管理—产业经济]