中世纪晚期英国商人阶层兴起的表现与缘由  

The Manifestations and Reasons for the Rise of the Merchant Class in Late Medieval England

作　　者：于振洋 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史学系,上海200433

出　　处：《历史教学（下半月）》2023年第10期64-72,共9页History Teaching

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目"英国经济社会史文献学专题研究"(项目号:17ZDA225)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：中世纪晚期,欧洲商人群体集聚英国,从事商业贸易活动,使英国成为欧洲贸易体系的重要一环。在国内外因素的共同推动下,英国商人阶层得以兴起,其兴起表现为对外贸易额不断增长,与外国商人形成明显的竞争态势。而商栈商人公司和商人冒险家公司两大本土贸易组织的成立,更加有力地推动了英国商人对本国对外贸易份额与特权的争取,以及对海外市场的参与。英国商人阶层兴起的过程反映了中世纪晚期英国对外贸易主体的显著变化,是近代早期英国商人进行海外商业扩张的前奏。In the early 14th century,the rise of foreign trade was closely related to the prosperity of European trade at that time in England.The reason is that England was already an export-oriented trading country in the Middle Ages.Geographical marginality did not make its economy marginalized.On the contrary,European merchants gathered in England to engage in business and trade activities,making England an important link in the European trading system.After the commercial accumulation in the 13th century,the England's foreign trade in the early 14th century started the process of localization under the dual factors of the economic policies of the royal government and the favorable European commercial environment.Its rise was mainly reflected in the establishment of foreign trade organization and its competition for foreign trade shares and privileges.In the long term,the localization of England's foreign trade in this period was the prelude to the overseas expansion in the early modern period.

关 键 词：英国 商人阶层 对外贸易 贸易主体 

分 类 号：K561[历史地理—历史学]