关键矿产“权力三角”:基于全球镍产业链的考察  

The"Power Triangle"of Critical Minerals:An Examination Based on the Global Nickel Industry Chain

作　　者：崔守军[1,2] 李竺畔 Cui Shoujun;Li Zhupan

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国际关系学院 [2]中国人民大学国际发展研究所

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》2023年第5期96-118,161,共24页Journal of Latin American Studies

基　　金：2019年国家社科基金一般项目“拉美政治格局变化与中拉转型发展研究”(编号:19BGJ061)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：关键矿产因其稀缺性、不可替代性和分布不均衡性成为大国争夺的对象。作为关键矿产的重要代表,镍矿成为全球新能源产业竞争的新焦点,全球主要经济体围绕镍产业链展开激烈博弈。本文尝试构建一个关键矿产“权力三角”的分析框架,“守成技术国”“新兴技术国”和“资源国”作为博弈的三大主体,围绕对“技术权力”和“资源权力”的控制、争夺和分配进行互动,由此产生三对结构性矛盾,即守成技术国与新兴技术国之间霸权护持与秩序重塑的矛盾、资源国与守成技术国之间发展需求与固化分工的矛盾、资源国与新兴技术国之间经济需求与政治地位不匹配的矛盾。基于“权力三角”框架,本文聚焦全球镍产业链,阐释全球镍产业链的博弈态势与格局演变。研究发现,以美国为代表的守成技术国、以中国为代表的新兴技术国和以印尼为代表的资源国基于“权力三角”展开策略互动,推动全球镍产业链的分工格局、运行逻辑、规则体系、竞争范式发生深刻变革和复杂调整。Critical minerals have increasingly become the target of major powers because of their scarcity,irreplaceability and uneven distribution.As an important representative of critical minerals,nickel has become a new focus of competition in the global new energy industry,and the world's major economies are engaged in intense games around the nickel industrial chain.This paper attempts to construct an analytical framework of the"power triangle"of critical minerals,in which"dominant technology country","emerging technology country"and"resource country"are the three main players in the game.They interact with each other over the control,competition and distribution of"technological power"and"resource power",which gives rise to three pairs of structural contradictions,namely,the contradiction between hegemony protection and order transformation between the dominant and the emerging technological countries,the contradiction between the development needs and the entrenched labour division between the resource countries and the dominant technological countries,and the contradiction between the economic needs and the imbalance in political status between the resource countries and the emerging technological countries.Based on the"power triangle"framework,this paper focuses on the global nickel industry chain and explains the game situation and pattern evolution.The study found that the strategic interaction among the three group of players,i.e.,the dominant technology countries represented by the United States,the emerging technology countries represented by China,and the resource countries represented by Indonesia,based on the"power triangle",has led to profound changes in the pattern of labour division,logic of operation,system of rules,and competition paradigm of the global nickel industry chain.

关 键 词：关键矿产 “权力三角” 全球镍产业链 全球资源治理 

分 类 号：F416.1[经济管理—产业经济]