比况复合词的词汇化和词法化  

The lexicalization and morphologicalization of metaphorical compounds in Chinese

作　　者：蔡淑美 施春宏 CAI Shumei;SHI Chunhong

机构地区：[1]厦门大学中国语言文学系,厦门 [2]北京语言大学语言科学院,北京 [3]澳门大学人文学院中文系,中国澳门

出　　处：《中国语文》2023年第6期669-680,766,767,共14页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“基于汉语特征的多元语法理论探索(多卷本)”(20&ZD297)的支持。

摘　　要：学界对NV式比况复合词的构造方式和释义模式的认识存在不少分歧。本文基于构式语法的基本理念来探讨这类词的词汇化和词法化问题。比况复合词经由不同的词汇化路径演变而来,其形成机制既有融合,也有压制,还有重新分析;认知策略既有局部隐喻,也有整体隐喻。不同路径殊途同归,最后汇合到比况复合词之列。在其词法化过程中,比况复合词呈衰退态势,本文分析了影响其词法活跃度的时空发展条件和N、V双音化或复杂化后所带来的构词限制,并通过与其他NV式复合词的比较探讨了比况构词法产生新用例的能产性问题及其限制条件。本文旨在对学界相关争议做出回答,并试图从形式和意义、词汇化和词法化、造词与构词、“型”与“例”结合等方面为词汇问题研究提供一种新的分析路径。On the formation and definition of metaphorical compounds,no agreement has been reached so far.Under the theory of Construction Grammar(CxG),this paper explores the lexicalization and morphologicalization of such compounds and finds that metaphorical compounds have evolved through different paths with mechanisms of fusion,coercion and reanalysis.All three paths arrive at the same end and their cognitive strategies include both partial metaphor and metaphor mapping event as a whole.Since metaphorical compounds shows a declining trend in morphologicalization,this paper analyzes the spatio-temporal conditions that may affect their formation and the restrictions caused by disyllabification or complication of N and V.Furthermore,the productivity of metaphorical compounds and their corresponding restraints are also discussed in comparison with other NV compounds.The purpose of this paper is not only to resolve relevant controversies in current studies but also to provide a new approach in lexical studies from the perspectives of form and meaning,lexicalization and morphologicalization,word-creation and word-formation,and pattern and its instantiation.

关 键 词：比况复合词 词汇化 词法化 形成机制 认知策略 能产性 

分 类 号：H136[语言文字—汉语]