汉译佛典中“强项”及其相关形式考辨  

Qiangxiang(强项)and its related forms in Chinese Buddhist texts

作　　者：嵇华烨 JI Huaye

机构地区：[1]浙江工商大学人文与传播学院,杭州

出　　处：《中国语文》2023年第6期736-743,768,共9页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题《早期汉译佛经词汇异文研究》(20NDQN254YB);教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目“中古专类文献词汇研究——以道经、佛典、史书为中心”(20JJD740002)资助。

摘　　要：中土文献“强项”义为刚正不屈。汉译佛典也有“强项”一词,其读音及词形与中土文献一致,但词义与中土文献相差甚远。汉译佛典“强项”有愚痴、傲慢两个含义。在同步构词规律下,同“项”具有相关性的“额”“颜”与“强”组合,构成“强颜”“强额”,语义与“强项”相同,义为傲慢。中土文献有“强颜”,义为厚颜,语义与佛典不同。“强项”缩略为“项”,与“佷”组合构成“项佷”,与“强项”义同,有愚痴、傲慢两个含义。“顽佷”是“项佷”误写,后人不解“项”义,用“顽”改写。In non-Buddhist literature of Middle Chinese,the wordqiangxiang(强项,“strong-neck”)refers to the meaning of“righteous”or“upright”.In Chinese Buddhist texts of the same time period,however,qiangxiang conveys the meanings of“foolish”and“arrogant”instead.In addition,qiang(强)can also be combined with words related withxiang(项)likee(额,“forehead”)andyan(颜,“face”)intoqiang'e(强额)andqiangyan(强颜)which share the same meanings of“foolish”and“arrogant”.Such a meaning ofqiangyandiffers from its counterpart in non-Buddhist literature which means“shameless”.Besides,qiangxiangmay be abbreviated intoxiangand further combined withhen(佷)intoxianghenwhich has the same meanings of“foolish”and“arrogant”.This word was later confused withwanhen(顽佷)due to wrong interpretation ofxiang.

关 键 词：强项 强额 强颜 项佷 

分 类 号：H13[语言文字—汉语] B942[哲学宗教—宗教学] H059