广西烟草炭疽病病原鉴定及生物学特性研究  

Identification of Tobacco Anthracnose Pathogen and its Biological Characteristics in Guangxi

作　　者：石洁 桑维钧 卢燕回 张得平 孔菲 首安发 杨茂发 SHI Jie;SANG Weijun;LU Yanhui;ZHANG Deping;KONG Fei;SHOU Anfa;YANG Maofa(School of Tobacco,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Science and Technology Department,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Company,China National Tobacco Corporation,Nanning 530022,China;Hezhou Branch,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Tobacco Company,Hezhou,Guangxi 542800,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学烟草学院,贵阳550025 [2]中国烟草总公司广西壮族自治区公司科技处,南宁530022 [3]广西壮族自治区烟草公司贺州市公司,广西贺州542800

出　　处：《中国烟草科学》2023年第5期70-78,共9页Chinese Tobacco Science

基　　金：中国烟草总公司广西壮族自治区公司项目(202145000024006)。

摘　　要：为明确广西壮族自治区贺州市钟山县发生的真菌性叶斑病害的病原菌种类和生物学特性,分别采用组织分离法和活体伤口接种法对病原菌进行分离和致病性测定,利用PCR扩增病原菌核糖体内转录间隔区(ITS)、肌动蛋白(ACT)和几丁质合成酶(CHS)进行分子鉴定,结合形态学特征对病原菌种类进行鉴定,采用菌丝生长速率法测定病原菌生物学特性。聚类分析结果表明,病原菌与平头炭疽(Collettrichum truncatum)聚为一支,且支持率为100%,结合形态学特征,将病原菌鉴定为平头炭疽(C.truncatum),这是平头炭疽寄生烟草引起烟草炭疽病的首次报道。病原菌生物学特性测定结果表明,病原菌对环境有较强的适应性,最适培养基为营养琼脂(NA),最适温度30℃,最适光照条件为全黑暗,最适碳源为淀粉,最适氮源为蛋白胨,pH为7时病原菌生长最快,病原菌致死温度为53℃、10 min。研究结果为病害的及时准确防治和深入研究提供了理论依据。Aiming to clarify the species and biological characteristics of pathogenic fungal leaf spot diseases in Zhongshan County,Hezhou City,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,the pathogenic fungi were isolated by tissue isolation and its pathogenicity was determined by inoculation of living wounds.The molecular identification of pathogenic fungi was performed by PCR amplification of their internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomes(ITS),actin(ACT),and chitin synthase(CHS).The pathogen species were identified by combining morphological characteristics,and mycelial growth rate method was employed to determine the biological characteristics of pathogens.Results of cluster analysis showed that the pathogen and Collettrichum truncatum were clustered into one team,and the support rate reached 100%.Combined with morphological characteristics,the pathogen was identified as C.truncatum,which is the first report of tobacco anthracnose caused by C.truncatum parasitising tobacco.The determination of pathogen’s biological characteristics showed that the pathogen exhibited strong adaptability to environment.The optimal medium,temperature,light condition,carbon source,nitrogen source was nutrient agar(NA),30℃,total darkness,starch,peptone,respectively.The most rapid growth of pathogen was observed at pH 7,and the lethal temperature of pathogen was 53℃for 10 min.The results of the study present the diversity of pathogens causing tobacco anthracnose,and provide a theoretical basis for the timely accurate control and further research of the disease.

关 键 词：烟草 炭疽病 病原菌鉴定 多基因分子鉴定 生物学特性 

分 类 号：S435.72[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]