采用燃料分析法计量化石燃料燃烧产生的碳排放量  

Metrology of Carbon Emissions from Fossil Fuel Combustion Using Fuel Analysis Methods

作　　者：王海峰[1] 宋小平[1] 李佳[1] WANG Haifeng;SONG Xiaoping;LI Jia(National Institute of Metrology,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]中国计量科学研究院,北京100029

出　　处：《计量科学与技术》2023年第7期3-10,共8页Metrology Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFF0602604)

摘　　要：准确测定温室气体的排放量是实现温室气体减排目标的基础。化石燃料的燃烧是温室气体的主要来源,在固定燃烧源燃烧煤、燃油或天然气,排放的二氧化碳可以使用燃料分析方法测定。燃料分析法包含两种方法,方法1使用燃料的发热量和排放因子确定二氧化碳排放量;方法2使用燃料的碳含量和氧化率来计算二氧化碳排放量。详细介绍了方法1和方法2的分析步骤、测量方法、仪器、校准方法和不确定度评定,包括基准热量计、发热量、元素含量和天然气成分标准物质、检定规程和校准规范在内的计量技术,保障了二氧化碳排放量测定结果的准确可靠、等效一致。Accurate quantification of greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions is fundamental to achieving greenhouse gas reduction targets.The combustion of fossil fuels,including coal,fuel oil,and natural gas,is a predominant source of GHG emissions.This study focuses on the determination of carbon dioxide(CO2)emissions from stationary combustion sources using fuel analysis methods.Two distinct methods are presented:Method 1 utilizes the fuel’s calorific value and emission factor to ascertain the CO2 emissions,while Method 2 employs the fuel’s carbon content and oxidation rate for this determination.This paper elaborates on the procedural steps,analytical methodologies,instrumentation,calibration techniques,and uncertainty assessments applied in both methods.Comprehensive metrological techniques encompassing primary calorimeters,certified reference materials for calorific values,elemental contents,and natural gas components,as well as verification regulations and calibration protocols,are employed to ensure the accuracy,reliability,and consistency of the CO2 emission determinations.

关 键 词：计量学 二氧化碳 化石燃料 发热量 碳含量 不确定度 

分 类 号：TB99[一般工业技术—计量学]