故宫博物院文渊阁建筑油饰的分析研究  

Analysis and Research on the Architectural Oil Decorations of the Wenyuan Pavilion at the Palace Museum

作　　者：李路希 黄亚珍 魏书亚 Li Luxi;Huang Yazhen;Wei Shuya(National Museum of China,Beijing,100006;Institute for Cultural Heritage and History of Science&Technology,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing,100083)

机构地区：[1]中国国家博物馆,北京100006 [2]北京科技大学科技史与文化遗产研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《博物院》2023年第4期128-136,共9页Museum

基　　金：国家重点研发项目重点专项“明清官式建筑营造技艺科学认知与本体保护关键技术研究与示范”(2020YFC1522400)的资助。

摘　　要：文渊阁为明清皇家藏书楼,清代的文渊阁于乾隆四十一年(1776年)建成,历经多次修缮,室内大面积使用了黑色油饰,如匾额、楼梯、地面等。为了解该建筑油饰所用材料和工艺以及在修缮过程中所用到的材料,本研究采用了三维视频显微镜、拉曼光谱、热裂解气相色谱质谱等多种分析手段对文渊阁黑色油饰进行取样分析。通过分析研究揭示了文渊阁部分黑色油饰采用了传统的三道黑烟子油工艺;在楼梯和二楼地面以及楹联“三”字发现了黑红相间的涂刷,其中的黑色颜料层为黑烟子油,红色的颜料层根据建筑部位的不同采用了不同的材料,楹联“三”字采用了红土,楼梯以及二楼地面使用了红土与现代有机合成材料“永固红”混合物,这些材料的使用也可能和后期修复有关。该研究确定了近现代黑色油饰所使用的工艺与材料从而为后续保护修复提供科学依据。The Wenyuan Pavilion is an imperial library building that existed during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.The Qing-era Wenyuan Pavilion was completed in 1776.Throughout its history,it underwent several renovations,with a large area of black oil decoration used indoors,such as plaques,staircases,and flooring.To understand the materials and techniques used in the black oil decorations of this building and the materials employed during its restoration,this research utilized various analytical methods,including 3D video microscopy,Raman spectroscopy,and pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,to sample and analyze the black oil decorations in the Wenyuan Pavilion.Through these analyses,it was revealed that some of the black oil decorations in the Wenyuan Pavilion were created using the traditional three-step black smoke lacquer technique.On the staircases,second-floor flooring,and the“三”character in the couplet,a black and red alternating brushwork was identified.The black pigment layer was made from black smoke lacquer,while the red pigment layer varied in material depending on the specific location within the building.For the“三”character,red clay was used,whereas a mixture of red clay and a modern organic synthetic material called Permanent Bordeaux was applied on the staircases and second-floor flooring.These materials might have been used during later restoration efforts.This study successfully determined the techniques and materials employed in the near-modern black oil decorations,providing a scientific basis for future preservation and restoration endeavors.

关 键 词：文渊阁 建筑油饰 胶结材料 

分 类 号：TU-87[艺术—艺术设计]