两宋史料所传蒙古早期史事再探  

Rethinking the Early History of Mongols in Primary Resources of Song Dynasties

作　　者：张晓慧[1] ZHANG Xiaohui

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院古代史研究所,100101

出　　处：《史林》2023年第5期31-37,30,217,共9页Historical Review

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“历史记忆与族群认同:蒙古开国史新诠”(项目批准号:21CZS021)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：关于蒙古早期史事,蒙元史料以成吉思汗家族史为叙述中心,而辽金宋史籍的记载则从他者视角揭示了蒙古早期史的丰富面相。蒙古与鞑靼东西并立,是两宋时期史料对草原诸部语言文化相似性的概括归类。见于汉文史料的蒙古诸部的活动,多在草原东部展开,而不是蒙元史书中强调的成吉思汗家族龙兴之地不儿罕山。在成吉思汗时代之前,见载于南宋史料的建号称王之蒙古,很可能位于金朝的边境。成吉思汗崛起前夕,与金朝交战、构成严重威胁的“蒙国”,也活跃于草原东部。这些都与后起的成吉思汗家族政权无关。从蒙古名号产生开始,草原东部就是以“蒙古”为名号的诸部族的活动中心,直到成吉思汗立国建号,这一情况始终未变。将成吉思汗家族史放大至整个蒙古早期史,是大大低估了前成吉思汗时代草原东缘蒙古诸部的政治影响力。The present paper,disagreeing with the established understanding of early history of Mongols centered on the family of Genghis Khan in Yuan records,suggests researchers pay attention to Song dynasties'primary sources revealing multiple aspects of this history.It says Mongol tribes'activities and interactions with neighboring peoples before the rise of Genghis Khan need to be reinvestigated thoroughly.Finally,it concludes that the exaggeration of role that Genghis Khan's family played greatly underestimated the political influence of pre-Genghis Khan tribes.

关 键 词：蒙古 鞑靼 蒙国 

分 类 号：K247[历史地理—历史学]