清前中期扬州盐商的引窝交易与资本市场  

Yinwo Trade,Yangzhou Salt Merchants,and Capital Market in Early and Mid-Qing

作　　者：黄凯凯 HUANG Kaikai

机构地区：[1]南昌大学人文学院历史系,330031

出　　处：《史林》2023年第5期65-76,218,共13页Historical Review

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“晚清民国自贡盐政与盐场社会变迁研究”(项目批准号:21CZS073)阶段性成果;南昌大学“哲学社会科学青年人才培育创新基金”资助。

摘　　要：清代扬州以“窝单”为交易对象的资本市场,是与淮盐生产、运销体系分离的金融衍生品市场。清初以来,大量资本涌入扬州,破坏了不容引窝私相交易的纲法制度。尽管引窝仍归在册纲商占有,但运司衙门发给纲商的窝单却成为可以流通转卖的权证,租窝买单者获得未来运销官盐的选择权。雍正以后,扬州出现专事炒卖窝单而不运盐的投机商。定额引窝无法满足资本市场的需求,看涨窝价的投机商纷纷“虚滚”入册、“囤窝射利”。乾隆年间,“预提盐引”政策使资本市场的规模大为扩张,投机行为亦愈演愈烈,带来日益严重的盐引壅滞、盐价上涨问题。最终,乾隆帝制造“两淮盐引案”加以清算,资本市场深陷流动性危机,造成扬州盐商的破产潮。The present paper,reexamining the history of Yangzhou's trade of yinwo(the basic unit of official salttransport permit issued to a specific region),in which the speculations grew almost unchecked since Yongzheng reign and there were even traders who speculated in the official permit only and never transported salt,concludes that the wild opportunistic practice finally led to Emperor Qianlong's strict regulation of salt transportation,which directly resulted in the bankruptcy of many Yangzhou salt merchants.

关 键 词：两淮盐区 纲法 引窝 扬州盐商 资本市场 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]