新旧交缠与央地互动——壬寅学制的拟定进程  

The 1902 School Chart:Dispute between Old and New and Central-Local Interaction

作　　者：王亚飞 WANG Yafei

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学历史学系,200241

出　　处：《史林》2023年第5期97-111,218,共16页Historical Review

摘　　要：庚子之变后张百熙出任管学大臣,主持学务新政,并颁布了全国一律的壬寅学制。这是清廷以国家权力整顿各省办学自为风气的努力。张百熙极力延揽之吴汝纶并未直接预闻学制事宜,张鹤龄、沈兆祉、李希圣为实际的草拟者。该三人均是戊戌变法时期的积极响应者,导致学务引起诸多非议。这在一定程度上可视为戊戌新旧之争的延续。为缓解学务危机,张百熙主动亲近权势正隆的江鄂方面,由此展开了一场管学大臣与地方督抚的联动。新旧交缠与与央地互动之间存在着逻辑联系。唯从结果上看,引援疆臣虽收到一定的正向效应,但亦起到掣肘的反噬作用,给学务的推展带来新的问题。自戊戌以降的新旧交缠与督抚势力上升的权势结构均制约了壬寅学制的推行,这亦是关涉整个新政事业成效的重要因素。The present paper,shedding light on the power contention between the central and local authorities behind the promulgation of the 1902 school chart,argues that this new policy should be treated as the extension of the dispute between old and new systems since Hundred Days Reform in 1898.It draws such a conclusion that the dispute between old and new systems and the changed power structure,in which local governors became increasingly powerful,significantly affected new policies.

关 键 词：壬寅学制 张百熙 张之洞 张鹤龄 吴汝纶 

分 类 号：K257.5[历史地理—历史学]