藏木水电站竖缝式鱼道过鱼效果初探  

Preliminary Study on Fish Passing Effect of Vertical-slot Fishway in ZM Hydropower Station

作　　者：姚凡 姜昊 刘峰[3] 金冠峰 刘晓锐 YAO Fan;JIANG Hao;LIU Feng;JIN Guan-feng;LIU Xiao-rui(PowerChina Leshan Ecological Environmental Protection Technology Co.,LTD.,Leshan 614000,China;China Renewable Energy Engineering Institute,Beijing 100120,China;Zangmu Hydropower Plant of HUANENG Tibet Brahmaputra Hydropower Development Investment Co.,LTD.,Shannan 856000,China)

机构地区：[1]乐山中电建生态环保科技有限公司,四川乐山614000 [2]水电水利规划设计总院,北京100120 [3]华能西藏雅鲁藏布江水电开发投资有限公司藏木水电厂,西藏山南856000

出　　处：《水电能源科学》2023年第9期107-111,共5页Water Resources and Power

基　　金：水电水利规划设计总院科研项目(ZMDC2019/U07)。

摘　　要：藏木水电站鱼道是少有的海拔高、长度长的竖缝式鱼道,其建设运行对上下游鱼类基因交流、种群繁衍尤为重要。为了解藏木鱼道过鱼效果,2021年3~7月采用搬罾抽样调查和视频观测结合的方法连续监测藏木鱼道过鱼种类、数量及其环境因子,共监测到鱼类9种143680尾,属2目4科7属,以设计主要过鱼对象异齿裂腹鱼、巨须裂腹鱼和拉萨裂腹鱼为主,并表现出明显的季节节律和昼夜节律,过鱼数量和种类呈5、6月份显著高于其他月份,白天明显高于夜间的特征。鱼道环境因子典范对应分析(CCA)结果表明,鱼道进出口水位和水温是影响过鱼效果的主要环境因子。研究结果可为藏木鱼道优化与有效运行提供数据支持,对雅鲁藏布江中下游渔业资源保护有重要意义。The ZM Fishway is the rare vertical slot fishway with high altitude and the long length at the domestic and foreign.The effect of fishway is particularly vital for the gene exchange and population reproduction of the upstream and downstream fish.To investigate the effectiveness of the fishway,we monitored the species,quantity and environmental factors of fish by trap and video observation method from March to July in 2021.In total,9 species of 143680 fish belonging to 2 orders,4 families and 7 genera were captured.The species and quantity of fish passing through were mainly Schizothorax oconnori,Schizothorax macropogon and Racoma waltoni,which were the main objects of fishway designed.The number and species of fish showed obvious seasonal and circadian rhythms.The number and species of fish in May and June were significantly higher than those in other months,and the number of fish during the day was significantly higher than that at night.The canonical correspondence analysis(CCA)results of fishway environmental factors show that the main environmental factors affecting the effect of fishway were the water stage and water temperature.The research results could provide reference data for the optimization and effective operation of the ZM fishway,and it was of great significance to the protection of fishery resources in the middle and lower reaches of the Brahmaputra River.

关 键 词：鱼道 时间节律 鱼类多样性 环境因子 

分 类 号：S956.3[农业科学—水产养殖] TV74[农业科学—水产科学]