黄河上游宁夏段水土保持与水沙变化研究  

Study on Water and Sediment Change and Soil and Water Conservation Effect in Ningxia Section of the Upper Reaches of the Yellow River

作　　者：赵阳[1] 辛艳 王友胜[1] 张国军 张晓明[1] 殷小琳[1] 魏小燕 张永娥 王昭艳[1] 刘冰[1] 缪今典 ZHAO Yang;XIN Yan;WANG Yousheng;ZHANG Guojun;ZHANG Xiaoming;YIN Xiaolin;WEI Xiaoyan;ZHANG Yong'e;WANG Zhaoyan;LIU Bing;MIAO Jindian(China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100048,China;Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Monitoring Station of Soil and Water Conservation,Yinchuan 750002,China;Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100048 [2]宁夏回族自治区水土保持监测总站,宁夏银川750002 [3]北京林业大学,北京100083

出　　处：《应用基础与工程科学学报》2023年第5期1075-1083,共9页Journal of Basic Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51979290,42107375);宁夏回族自治区水利厅水利科技项目(SBZZ-J-2021-12,SBZZ-J-2021-13)。

摘　　要：深入剖析水土保持对流域水沙变化影响是科学认知黄河流域水沙剧变成因的重要前提.以黄河宁夏段为研究对象,综合采用水沙趋势检验、泥沙量平衡等方法,开展了区域水土流失治理对流域水沙变化的影响研究.结果表明,(1)1951~2020年,干流水文站年径流量呈不同程度减少趋势,年均减幅1×10^(8)m^(3);而年输沙量均呈显著减少趋势,年均减幅0.025×10^(8)t;(2)下河沿-石嘴山区间径流输出量显著减少,区间“耗水”程度持续加剧;输沙量呈增加趋势,区间“泥沙”输出状态逐步呈现;(3)上游泥沙输入是黄河宁夏段泥沙主要来源,占比56.8%,区间流域输沙24.8%,退水退沙16.3%,风沙入黄占比仅为2.1%;(4)20世纪60~70年代,水库拦沙在减少入黄泥沙方面发挥主要作用,而2000年后,水土保持措施面积急剧增加,减沙作用显著.流域输沙量变化与水土保持措施面积之间呈显著的对数函数关系,2010年以后水土保持措施减沙幅度趋于稳定.Analyzing the impact of soil and water conservation on water and sediment changes is an important prerequisite for scientific understanding the causes of water and sediment change in the Yellow River Basin.Using the methods of water and sediment trend test and sediment balance,this study systematically sorted out the evolution characteristics of water and sand in the Ningxia section of the Yellow River from 1951~2020,explored the cooperative response relationship between water and sand changes in the river basin and regional soil erosion control.The annual runoff along the main stream,Qingtongxia and Shizuishan hydrological stations decreased to varying degrees,with an average annual decrease of 100 million m^(3).The annual sand loss showed a significant decrease,an annual decrease of 2.5 million tons.The runoff output along the main river-Shizuishan decreased,the degree of"water consumption"in the interval.The sand transport showed a statistical significance,the interval"sediment"output gradually appears.The upstream sediment input is the main source of sediment in the Ningxia Yellow River,accounting for about 56.8%.The interval accounted for 24.8%and 16.3%and only 2.1%.From the 1960s to 1970s,the reservoir sand barrier played a main role in reducing the sediment.After 2000,the area of water and soil conservation measures played an important role in reducing the sand transfer.The relationship between sediment transfer and water and water conservation measures,and the reduction of water and water conservation measures stabilized after 2010.

关 键 词：黄河流域 宁夏 水沙关系 泥沙来源 水土保持 流域输沙特征 

分 类 号：S157.2[农业科学—土壤学]